三、Kickstart 概述
1.Kickstart 简介
官方文档：Many system administrators would prefer to use an automated installation method to install Fedora or Red Hat Enterprise Linux on their machines. To answer this need, Red Hat created the kickstart installation method. Using kickstart, a system administrator can create a single file containing the answers to all the questions that would normally be asked during a typical installation.（大意就是很多系统管理员希望自动安装系统，于是便有了kickstart这种方式，只需配置一个安装应答文件，便可以自动安装系统了。）
2.Kickstart 组成
Kickstart 安装选项，包含语言的选择，防火墙，密码，网络，分区的设置等；
%Pre 部分，安装前解析的脚本，通常用来生成特殊的ks配置，比如由一段程序决定磁盘分区等；
%Package 部分，安装包的选择，可以是 @core 这样的group的形式，也可以是这样 vim-* 包的形式；
%Post 部分，安装后执行的脚本，通常用来做系统的初始化设置。比如启动的服务，相关的设定等。
3.Kickstart 样例
# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.
#Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Use text mode install
text
#Use CDROM installation media
cdrom
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
#Skip the X Configuration
skipx
#Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.0.13/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-5.9-X86_64
#Network information
#network --device eth0 --bootproto static --ip 192.168.9.226 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --gateway 192.168.9.1 --nameserver 192.168.9.1 --noipv6 --onboot=yes --hostname kerry-web-001
network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 --hostname leo
#root -- RedHat
rootpw --iscrypted $1$1Cthpm5k$ejyOypOnp0YYX0RQ3qMk41
firewall --disabled
#System authorization information
authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5
selinux --disabled
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
#System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
#Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr yes
# Set the Mouse
mouse generic3ps/2
# The following is the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
# not guaranteed to work
#Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=200 --asprimary
part / --fstype ext3 --size=10000
part swap --size=2048
part /data --fstype ext3 --size=1 --grow
#--- Reboot the host after installation is done
reboot
%packages
%packages
@base
@core
@development-libs
@development-tools
@editors
@text-internet
keyutils
trousers
fipscheck
device-mapper-multipath
imake
%post --nochroot
# Mount CDROM
mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
mount -r -t iso9660 /tmp/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
cp /mnt/cdrom/ipmod /mnt/sysimage/root/ipmod > /dev/null
umount /mnt/cdrom
%post
#vim syntax on
sed -i "8 s/^/alias vi='vim'/" /root/.bashrc 2>/dev/null
echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc 2>/dev/null
#init_ssh
ssh_cf="/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
sed -i -e '74 s/^/#/' -i -e '76 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
sed -i "s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/" $ssh_cf
#client
sed -i -e '44 s/^/#/' -i -e '48 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
# Remove the ISO File translation files
find / -name TRANS.TBL -exec rm {} \; /dev/null 2>/dev/null
# Remove some unneeded services
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| === Welcome to Tunoff services === |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`
do
CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-`
echo $CURSRV
case $CURSRV in
crond | irqbalance | microcode_ctl | network | random | sshd | syslog | local )
echo "Base services, Skip!"
;;
*)
echo "change $CURSRV to off"
chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off
service $CURSRV stop
;;
esac
done
# file descriptors
ulimit -HSn 65535
echo -ne "
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
#set sysctl
true > /etc/sysctl.conf
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.core.somaxconn = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
EOF
/sbin/sysctl -p
#close ctrl+alt+del
sed -i "s/ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now/#ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now/" /etc/inittab
#set purview
chmod 600 /etc/passwd
chmod 600 /etc/shadow
chmod 600 /etc/group
chmod 600 /etc/gshadow
好了，到这里PXE与Kickstart就简单的介绍完成了，下面我们来说一下Cobbler工具。