两台测试虚机，系统为REHL 5.3 x64，正常安装最新版本的JDK，正确设置SSH无密码登录。
服务器一：192.168.56.101 dev1
服务器二：192.168.56.102 dev2
相关阅读：
Linux下单机模式的Hadoop部署
Hadoop入门—Linux下伪分布式计算的安装与wordcount的实例展示
从下载hadoop-0.20.1.tar.gz，把hadoop-0.20.1.tar.gz拷贝到dev1的“/usr/software/hadoop”目录下。登录dev1执行以下命令：
# cd /usr/software/hadoop
# tar zxvf hadoop-0.20.1.tar.gz
# cp -a hadoop-0.20.1 /usr/hadoop
# cd /usr/hadoop/conf
修改hadoop环境配置文件hadoop-env.sh
# vi hadoop-env.sh
添加以下内容：
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_16
修改hadoop主要配置文件core-site.xml
# vi core-site.xml
添加以下内容（可以根据需求自行定义）：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://www.linuxidc.com/configuration.xsl"?>
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://dev1</value>
<description>The name of the default file system. Either the literal string "local" or a host:port for DFS.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/usr/hadoop/tmp</value>
<description>A base for other temporary directories.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.name.dir</name>
<value>/usr/hadoop/filesystem/name</value>
<description>Determines where on the local filesystem the DFS name node should store the name table. If this is a comma-delimited list of directories then the name table is replicated in all of the directories, for redundancy. </description>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.data.dir</name>
<value>/usr/hadoop/filesystem/data</value>
<description>
Determines where on the local filesystem an DFS data node should store its blocks. If this is a comma-delimited list of directories, then data will be stored in all named directories, typically on different devices. Directories that do not exist are i
gnored.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
<description>Default block replication. The actual number of replications can be specified when the file is created. The default iSUSEd if replication is not specified in create time.</description>
</property>
</configuration>
修伽hadoop的mapred-site.xml文件
# vi mapred-site.xml
添加如下内容：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://www.linuxidc.com/configuration.xsl"?>
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>dev1:9001</value>
<description>
The host and port that the MapReduce job tracker runs at. If "local", then jobs are run in-process as a single map and
reduce task.
</description>
</property>
</configuration>
修改hadoop定义namenode的masters文件：
# vi masters
添加以下内容：
dev1
修改hadoop定义datanode的slaves文件：
# vi slaves
添加以下内容：
dev2
在dev2按以上步骤安装hadoop。
格式化namenode：
# ./hadoop namenode -format
到此所有安装和配置完成。
在dev1执行以下命令，启动hadoop:
# cd /usr/hadoop/bin
# ./start-all.sh
启动完成后，可以以下执行命令来查看hadoop查看其基本情况：
# ./hadoop dfsadmin -report
或在浏览器中输入:50070/dfshealth.jsp查看。