备库执行日志应用出现如下报错：
Thu Mar 29 11:21:45 2018
FAL[client]: Failed to request gap sequence
GAP - thread 1 sequence 184-185
DBID 1484954774 branch 960494131
FAL[client]: All defined FAL servers have been attempted.
------------------------------------------------------------
Check that the CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization
parameter is defined to a value that's sufficiently large
enough to maintain adequate log switch information to resolve
archivelog gaps.
查询缺失的归档日志：
SQL> select * from v$archive_gap;
THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#
---------- ------------- --------------
1 183 185
去主库查看归档，发现归档已丢失
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence 186
Next log sequence to archive 188
Current log sequence 188
[Oracle@prim archivelog]$ pwd
/u01/archivelog
[oracle@prim archivelog]$ ls -ltr
total 1964
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 74752 Mar 29 11:17 1_186_960494131.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1930240 Mar 29 11:17 1_187_960494131.dbf
下面开始使用RMAN进行基于SCN增量备份恢复的方式进行恢复，参考文档 ID 836986.1
1.取消备库日志应用
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE cancel;
2.在备库上确定需要开始增量备份的SCN
SQL> SELECT CURRENT_SCN FROM V$DATABASE;
CURRENT_SCN
-----------
3505254
SQL> select min(checkpoint_change#) from v$datafile_header
where file# not in (select file# from v$datafile where enabled = 'READ ONLY');
MIN(CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#)
-----------------------
(如果结果为空，重启备库到mount状态)
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1002127360 bytes
Fixed Size 2259440 bytes
Variable Size 285214224 bytes
Database Buffers 708837376 bytes
Redo Buffers 5816320 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> select min(checkpoint_change#) from v$datafile_header
where file# not in (select file# from v$datafile where enabled = 'READ ONLY');
MIN(CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#)
-----------------------
3505255
选择以上结果中最小SCN作为增量备份的起点（此处是350524）。
3.在主库上进行基于SCN的增量备份
RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL FROM SCN 3505254 DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/ForStandby_%U' tag 'FORSTANDBY';
4.拷贝刚才的备份到备库
scp /tmp/ForStandby_* 192.168.211.162:/tmp
5.将拷贝过来的备份注册到备库的控制文件中
[oracle@stand ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Mar 29 11:37:52 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1484954774, not open)
RMAN> CATALOG START WITH '/tmp/ForStandby';
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
searching for all files that match the pattern /tmp/ForStandby
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /tmp/ForStandby_08sv0bdj_1_1
File Name: /tmp/ForStandby_07sv0bcg_1_1
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /tmp/ForStandby_08sv0bdj_1_1
File Name: /tmp/ForStandby_07sv0bcg_1_1
6.使用增量备份恢复备库
RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE NOREDO;
Starting recover at 29-MAR-18
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=16 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00001: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rzorcl/system01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00002: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rzorcl/sysaux01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00003: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rzorcl/undotbs01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00004: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rzorcl/users01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00005: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rzorcl/example01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00006: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rzorcl/odc_tps01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00007: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rzorcl/test01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00008: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rzorcl/big01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00009: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rzorcl/big02.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /tmp/ForStandby_07sv0bcg_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/tmp/ForStandby_07sv0bcg_1_1 tag=FORSTANDBY
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 29-MAR-18
7.在主库为备库重新备份控制文件，并scp到备库
RMAN> BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE FOR STANDBY FORMAT '/tmp/ForStandbyCTRL.bck';