写了一个通用的GNU/Linux环境下的Makefile。
该Makefile适用于最后生成若干个可执行文件的小型C/C++工程，只要将该Makefile放在源码根目录下make，它会自动查找该目录下（包括子目录）的所有源码文件(支持.cpp .c .h格式)并自动生成正确的依赖关系，并且为了不污染源码文件夹，源码和编译过程中的中间文件会分开（Debug模式编译生成的中间文件在Debug目录下，Release模式在Release目录下）。
试了几个之前写过的Project，都是OK的。
###########################################################
#
# MAKEFILE FOR C/C++ PROJECT
# Author: swm8023 <swm8023@gmail.com>
# Date: 2014/01/30
#
###########################################################
.PHONY: all clean
all:
# annotation when release version
DEBUG := y
TARGET_PROG := main
# project directory
DEBUG_DIR := ./Debug
RELEASE_DIR := ./Release
BIN_DIR := $(if $(DEBUG), $(DEBUG_DIR), $(RELEASE_DIR))
# shell command
CC := gcc
CXX := g++
RM := rm -rf
MKDIR := mkdir -p
SED := sed
MV := mv
# init sources & objects & depends
sources_all := $(shell find . -name "*.c" -o -name "*.cpp" -o -name "*.h")
sources_c := $(filter %.c, $(sources_all))
sources_cpp := $(filter %.cpp, $(sources_all))
sources_h := $(filter %.h, $(sources_all))
objs := $(addprefix $(BIN_DIR)/,$(strip $(sources_cpp:.cpp=.o) $(sources_c:.c=.o)))
deps := $(addprefix $(BIN_DIR)/,$(strip $(sources_cpp:.cpp=.d) $(sources_c:.c=.d)))
# create directory
$(foreach dirname,$(sort $(dir $(sources_c) $(sources_cpp))),\
$(shell $(MKDIR) $(BIN_DIR)/$(dirname)))
# complie & link variable
CFLAGS := $(if $(DEBUG),-g -O, -O2)
CFLAGS += $(addprefix -I ,$(sort $(dir $(sources_h))))
CXXFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)
LDFLAGS :=
LOADLIBES += #-L/usr/include/mysql
LDLIBS += #-lpthread -lmysqlclient
# add vpath
vpath %.h $(sort $(dir $(sources_h)))
vpath %.c $(sort $(dir $(sources_c)))
vpath %.cpp $(sort $(dir $(sources_cpp)))
# generate depend files
# actually generate after object generated, beacasue it only used when next make)
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
sinclude $(deps)
endif
# make-depend(depend-file,source-file,object-file,cc)
define make-depend
$(RM) $1; \
$4 $(CFLAGS) -MM $2 | \
$(SED) 's,\($(notdir $3)\): ,$3: ,' > $1.tmp; \
$(SED) -e 's/#.*//' \
-e 's/^[^:]*: *//' \
-e 's/ *\\$$//' \
-e '/^$$/ d' \
-e 's/$$/ :/' < $1.tmp >> $1.tmp; \
$(MV) $1.tmp $1;
endef
# rules to generate objects file
$(BIN_DIR)/%.o: %.c
@$(call make-depend,$(patsubst %.o,%.d,$@),$<,$@,$(CC))
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ -c $<
$(BIN_DIR)/%.o: %.cpp
@$(call make-depend,$(patsubst %.o,%.d,$@),$<,$@,$(CXX))
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ -c $<
# add-target(target,objs,cc)
define add-target
REAL_TARGET += $(BIN_DIR)/$1
$(BIN_DIR)/$1: $2
$3 $(LDFLAGS) $$^ $(LOADLIBES) $(LDLIBS) -o $$@
endef
# call add-target
$(foreach targ,$(TARGET_PROG),$(eval $(call add-target,$(targ),$(objs),$(CXX))))
all: $(REAL_TARGET) $(TARGET_LIBS)
clean:
$(RM) $(BIN_DIR)