假定已经用hduser登录，现在开始设置环境变量, 将下面的内容添加到~/.bashrc，
#Hadoop variables
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-Oracle/
export HADOOP_INSTALL=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/sbin
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
###end of paste
继续修改文件/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh里面的JAVA_HOME
# The java implementation to use.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/
退出后，重新用hduser登录，然后执行命令检查：
hduser@hm1:~$ hadoop version
Hadoop 2.2.0
Subversion https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common -r 1529768
Compiled by hortonmu on 2013-10-07T06:28Z
Compiled with protoc 2.5.0
From source with checksum 79e53ce7994d1628b240f09af91e1af4
This command was run using /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.2.0.jar
现在hadoop已经安装好了。下面为启动进行配置。
在文件/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml文件中将<configuration></configuration>中添加配置。
仍使用hadoop 1.0的hdfs工作模式
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
</property>
</configuration>
添加下面的配置到文件/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml
制定启动时node manager的aux service使用shuffle server.
<configuration>
<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce.shuffle</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
</property>
</configuration>
修改/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml文件
cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
指定yarn为采用的map reduce框架名称
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
</configuration>
创建hdfs保存数据的目录，并配置hdfs
hduser@hm1:/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop$ cd ~/
hduser@hm1:~$ mkdir -p mydata/hdfs/namenode
hduser@hm1:~$ mkdir -p mydata/hdfs/datanode
编辑/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml文件
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/hduser/mydata/hdfs/namenode</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>file:/home/hduser/mydata/hdfs/datanode</value>
</property>
</configuration>
还在当前目录下，好现在格式化namenode. 结果很长，保留如下：
hduser@hm1:/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop$ hdfs namenode -format
14/02/21 14:40:43 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hm1/127.0.1.1
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: classpath = /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-core-1.8.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-digester-1.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-api-1.7.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jasper-compiler-5.5.23.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/junit-4.8.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-io-2.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-math-2.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-xc-1.8.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/zookeeper-3.4.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-auth-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsch-0.1.42.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-httpclient-3.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsp-api-2.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-el-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-configuration-1.6.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-net-3.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/stax-api-1.0.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jets3t-0.6.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/mockito-all-1.8.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jasper-runtime-5.5.23.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-collections-3.2.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.8.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-lang-2.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.2.0-tests.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-nfs-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-io-2.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jsp-api-2.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-el-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-daemon-1.0.13.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jasper-runtime-5.5.23.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-lang-2.5.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-nfs-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.2.0-tests.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-io-2.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/hamcrest-core-1.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/junit-4.10.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-common-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-site-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-unmanaged-am-launcher-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-tests-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-common-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-client-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-nodemanager-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-distributedshell-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-api-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-io-2.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hamcrest-core-1.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/junit-4.10.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.8.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.8.8.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.2.0-tests.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-common-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-app-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-2.2.0.jar:/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle-2.2.0.jar:/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common -r 1529768; compiled by 'hortonmu' on 2013-10-07T06:28Z
STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_51
************************************************************/
14/02/21 14:40:43 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT]
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: You have loaded library /usr/local/hadoop/lib/native/libhadoop.so.1.0.0 which might have disabled stack guard. The VM will try to fix the stack guard now.
It's highly recommended that you fix the library with 'execstack -c <libfile>', or link it with '-z noexecstack'.
14/02/21 14:40:45 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Formatting using clusterid: CID-0cd9886e-b262-4504-8915-9ef03bcb7d9e
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.HostFileManager: read includes:
HostSet(
)
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.HostFileManager: read excludes:
HostSet(
)
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=1000
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory = 889 MB
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^21 = 2097152 entries
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.block.access.token.enable=false
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: defaultReplication = 1
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplication = 512
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: minReplication = 1
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplicationStreams = 2
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: shouldCheckForEnoughRacks = false
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: replicationRecheckInterval = 3000
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: encryptDataTransfer = false
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner = hduser (auth:SIMPLE)
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup = supergroup
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled = true
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: HA Enabled: false
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Append Enabled: true
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map INodeMap
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: 1.0% max memory = 889 MB
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^20 = 1048576 entries
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.threshold-pct = 0.9990000128746033
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min.datanodes = 0
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.extension = 30000
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode is enabled
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.03 of total heap and retry cache entry expiry time is 600000 millis
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map Namenode Retry Cache
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory = 889 MB
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^15 = 32768 entries
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /home/hduser/mydata/hdfs/namenode has been successfully formatted.
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSImage: Saving image file /home/hduser/mydata/hdfs/namenode/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 using no compression
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.FSImage: Image file /home/hduser/mydata/hdfs/namenode/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 of size 198 bytes saved in 0 seconds.
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
14/02/21 14:40:45 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at hm1/127.0.1.1
************************************************************/
但是别着急，还需要自己编译64bit的库，因为release发布的居然是32bit的，属孙子的。否则会遇到类似下面的警告：
在hduser目录下运行命令：
$ start-dfs.sh
14/02/21 14:45:48 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applic\
able
Starting namenodes on [Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: You have loaded library /usr/local/hadoop/lib/native/libhadoop.so.1.0.0 which\
might have disabled stack guard. The VM will try to fix the stack guard now.
It's highly recommended that you fix the library with 'execstack -c <libfile>', or link it with '-z noexecstack'.
localhost]