最近打数学建模,其中一个步骤就是对给定的数据按照某个标准进行排序。当时选择了对其进行希尔排序,故在此写下学习手册。
基本思想
将整个待排序记录分割成若干个子序列,在子序列内分别进行直接插入排序,待整个序列中的记录基本有序时,对全体记录进行直接插入排序。
希尔排序是对直接插入排序的改进。我们知道若待排序记录按关键字值基本有序时,直接插入排序的效率可以大大提高。由于直接插入排序算法简单,则在待排序记录数量n较小时效率也很高。
算法伪代码
void ShellSort(int n, LIST A)
{
int i, j, d;
for (d=n/2; d>=1; d=d/2)
{
for (i=d+1; i<=n; i++)
{ //将A[i]插入到所属的子序列中
A[0].key= A[i].key; //暂存待插入记录
j=i-d; //j指向所属子序列的最后一个记录
while (j>0 && A[0].key< A[j].key)
{
A[j+d]= A[j]; //记录后移d个位置
j=j-d; //比较同一子序列的前一个记录
}
A[j+d]= A[0];
}
}
}
算法时间复杂度分析
希尔排序开始时增量较大,每个子序列中的记录个数较少,从而排序速度较快;当增量较小时,虽然每个子序列中记录个数较多,但整个序列已基本有序,排序速度也较快
希尔排序的时间性能在O(n2)和O(nlog2n)之间。当n在某个特定范围内,希尔排序所需的比较次数和记录的移动次数约为O(n1.3 ) 。
算法具体实现
// hillsorting.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include"iostream"
#include"math.h"
#include"time.h"
#define maximum 1000
using namespace std;
typedef int shell;
shell increase[maximum];
shell decrease[maximum];
shell random[maximum];
shell repeat[maximum];
shell increasette=10;
shell decreasette=100000;
shell repeatette=50000;
void shellsort(shell* samplesaary,shell number)
{
int j;
for (int d = number/2; d>=1; d/=2)
{
for (int i = d+1; i <=number; i++)
{
samplesaary[0]=samplesaary[i];
j=i-d;
while (j>0&&samplesaary[j]>samplesaary[0])
{
samplesaary[j+d]=samplesaary[j];
j-=d;
}
samplesaary[j+d]=samplesaary[0];
}
}
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
clock_t begin_time;
clock_t end_time;
for (int i = 1; i < maximum; i++)
{
srand(increasette);
increase[i]=increasette;
increasette+=rand()%50;
decrease[i]=decreasette;
decreasette-=rand()%70;
random[i]+=increase[i]/2+decrease[i]/4+rand()%10000;
repeat[i]=repeatette+pow(-1,i)*(rand()%60);
}
cout<<"increase: "<<endl;
begin_time=clock();
shellsort(increase,maximum);
end_time=clock();
for (int i = 1; i < maximum; i++)
{
cout<<increase[i]<<"\t";
}
cout<<"running time:"<<(long double)(end_time-begin_time)*1000000000/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<"us"<<endl;
cout<<"decrease: "<<endl;
begin_time=clock();
shellsort(decrease,maximum);
end_time=clock();
for (int i = 1; i <maximum; i++)
{
cout<<decrease[i]<<"\t";
}
cout<<"running time:"<<(double)(end_time-begin_time)*1000000000/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<"us"<<endl;
cout<<"random: "<<endl;
begin_time=clock();
shellsort(random,maximum);
end_time=clock();
cout<<"running time:"<<(double)(end_time-begin_time)*1000000000/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<"us"<<endl;
cout<<"repeat:"<<endl;
begin_time=clock();
shellsort(repeat,maximum);
end_time=clock();
cout<<"running time:"<<(long double)(end_time-begin_time)*1000000000/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<"us"<<endl;
getchar();
getchar();
getchar();
getchar();
return 0;
}