搭建环境前配置主备库的tns，确保两数据库能正常彼此通信
primary
确定数据库开启强制归档
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database force logging;
alter database open;
修改配置，并导出pfile，将pfile复制到目标备库
alter system set db_unique_name=pri scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_config = 'DG_CONFIG=(pri,sty)' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/opt/app/Oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pri' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=sty LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=sty' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1 = ENABLE;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = ENABLE;
alter system set fal_server=sty scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_client=pri scope=spfile;
alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO scope=spfile;
create pfile='/home/oracle/pripfile.ora' from spfile;
standby
安装数据库软件，无需安装数据库
复制元库的sys密码文件，确保两库的密码一致
scp 192.168.20.46:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwxtttestdb $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
复制目标库导出的pfile，并添加 *.log_file_name_convert参数选项（10g之后必须添加，即使路径没有改变）
scp 192.168.20.46:/home/oracle/pripfile.ora /home/oracle/
*.log_file_name_convert='/opt/app/oracle/oradata/xtttestdb/','/opt/app/oracle/oradata/xtttestdb/'
创建要恢复备库的必要目录
mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/admin/xtttestdb/adump
mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/oradata/xtttestdb
mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
设置SID登入数据库
export $ORACLE_SID=xtttestdb
sqlplus / as sysdba
利用copy并修改后的pfile创建spfile，并启动到nomount
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/pripfile.ora';
File created.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1570009088 bytes
Fixed Size 2213696 bytes
Variable Size 1174407360 bytes
Database Buffers 385875968 bytes
Redo Buffers 7512064 bytes
修改备库的参数配置
alter system set db_unique_name=sty scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(pri,dg)' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1 ='LOCATION=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=sty' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_2 ='SERVICE=pri LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pri' scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_server=pri scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_client=sty scope=spfile;
重启数据库到nomount，是配置生效（这些配置也可以在pfile中修改完成后再启动数据库库）
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
primary利用rman复制数据库
rman target sys/oraclepwd@XTTTESTDB.46 auxiliary sys/oraclepwd@XTTTESTDB.54
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
复制完成后在主备库天剑standby redo（至少要三组）
alter database add standby logfile
group 4 ('/opt/app/oracle/oradata/xtttestdb/styredo04.log') size 50m,
group 5 ('/opt/app/oracle/oradata/xtttestdb/styredo05.log') size 50m,
group 6 ('/opt/app/oracle/oradata/xtttestdb/styredo06.log') size 50m,
group 7 ('/opt/app/oracle/oradata/xtttestdb/styredo07.log') size 50m;
启动standby的redo应用的两种方式
①、默认的物理DG启动应用后，在主库arch日志被完整写入后才会开始应用该arch log
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
②、可以添加current logfile参数，使得应用当前正在读写，还没有完成归档的日志
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
关闭REDO应用
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
查看standby log状态
select group#,thread#,sequence#,archived,status from v$standby_log;
查看应用日志情况
select name,creator,sequence#,applied,completion_time from v$archived_log;
验证：
primary端创建测试表，并添加数据
SQL> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
7
SQL> insert into test select * from test;
7 rows created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
standby端验证数据是否同步
SQL> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
搭建过程问题小结：
1、在备库启动到nomount后用tns测试连接时发现数无法连接
ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections
原因是11g之后动态监听不支持在nomount状态下远程的tns访问，自己的服务器中配置的监听一直是动态的
添加listener.ora 文件，为standby设置静态监听
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = xtttestdb)
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = xtttestdb)
)
)
之后再测试连接正常
2、RMAN远程复制数据库完成后有redo的报错
ORACLE error from auxiliary database: ORA-19527: physical standby redo log must be renamed
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/opt/app/oracle/oradata/xtttestdb/redo01.log'