这一篇来分析一下jdbc工作过程中涉及到的类加载流程，重点是想看看在双亲委派模型不适用的时候，如何解决。
第一步，加载数据库的驱动
Class.forName("Oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver")
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
Class.forName 方法会根据类的全路径名称去加载对应的class文件，生成类型，并初始化类型。也就是说static语句块会执行。
下面来看看 com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 类
public class Driver extends NonRegisteringDriver implements java.sql.Driver {
//
// Register ourselves with the DriverManager
//
static {
try {
java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
} catch (SQLException E) {
throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
}
}
/**
* Construct a new driver and register it with DriverManager
*
* @throws SQLException
* if a database error occurs.
*/
public Driver() throws SQLException {
// Required for Class.forName().newInstance()
}
}
里面的主要逻辑都在父类 NonRegisteringDriver 里实现，而static语句块就做了一件事：生成驱动实例，并向DriverManager注册。所谓注册，就是将driver的信息保存起来，以便后来取用。
第二步，取得数据库连接connection
Connection conn= DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
这里为什么通过DriverManager来取，而不是直接通过生成driver来取？？？后面马上揭晓！！！
public static Connection getConnection(String url,
String user, String password) throws SQLException {
java.util.Properties info = new java.util.Properties();
if (user != null) {
info.put("user", user);
}
if (password != null) {
info.put("password", password);
}
return (getConnection(url, info, Reflection.getCallerClass()));
}
Reflection.getCallerClass() 是取得调用类，这个方法是native的。我这里是jdk1.8，以前的版本不是调用的这个方法，如果感兴趣也可以看看。
private static Connection getConnection(
String url, java.util.Properties info, Class<?> caller) throws SQLException {
/*
* When callerCl is null, we should check the application's
* (which is invoking this class indirectly)
* classloader, so that the JDBC driver class outside rt.jar
* can be loaded from here.
*/
ClassLoader callerCL = caller != null ? caller.getClassLoader() : null;
synchronized(DriverManager.class) {
// synchronize loading of the correct classloader.
if (callerCL == null) {
callerCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
}
}
if(url == null) {
throw new SQLException("The url cannot be null", "08001");
}
println("DriverManager.getConnection(\"" + url + "\")");
// Walk through the loaded registeredDrivers attempting to make a connection.
// Remember the first exception that gets raised so we can reraise it.
SQLException reason = null;
for(DriverInfo aDriver : registeredDrivers) {
// If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then
// skip it.
if(isDriverAllowed(aDriver.driver, callerCL)) {
try {
println(" trying " + aDriver.driver.getClass().getName());
Connection con = aDriver.driver.connect(url, info);
if (con != null) {
// Success!
println("getConnection returning " + aDriver.driver.getClass().getName());
return (con);
}
} catch (SQLException ex) {
if (reason == null) {
reason = ex;
}
}
} else {
println(" skipping: " + aDriver.getClass().getName());
}
}