使用Camera有两种方式:通过Intent使用已有的app和通过Camera构建自己的app。在开发系列(一) 中已经介绍了通过Intent方式,本文介绍通过CameraAPI的方式拍照。
关键类解析
通过CameraAPI方式拍照需要引入几个关键的类:
Camera类:最主要的类,用于管理Camera设备,本文中主要用到以下方法:
open():通过open方法获取Camera实例。
setPreviewDisplay(SurfaceHolder):设置预览拍照
startPreview():开始预览
stopPreview():停止预览
release():释放Camera实例
takePicture(Camera.ShutterCallback shutter, Camera.PictureCallback raw, Camera.PictureCallback jpeg):这个是拍照要执行的方法,包含了三个回调参数。Shutter是快门按下时的回调,raw是获取拍照原始数据的回调,jpeg是获取经过压缩成jpg格式的图像数据。在本文中需要实现最后一个回调,参见下面。
Camera.PictureCallback接口:该回调接口包含了一个onPictureTaken(byte[]data, Camera camera)方法。在这个方法中可以保存图像数据。
SurfaceView类:用于控制预览界面
SurfaceHolder.Callback接口:用于处理预览的事件,需实现如下三个方法:
surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolderholder):预览界面创建时调用,每次界面改变后都会重新创建,需要获取相机资源并设置SurfaceHolder。
surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolderholder, int format, int width, int height):预览界面发生变化时调用,每次界面发生变化之后需要重新启动预览。
surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolderholder):预览销毁时调用,停止预览,释放相应资源。
通过Camera方式来实现拍照
通过Camera方式 会比通过Intent方式获得更为丰富的功能。通常创建一个定制化的Camera需要如下步骤:
(1) 通过Camera.open()来获取Camera实例。
(2) 创建Preview类,需要继承SurfaceView类并实现SurfaceHolder.Callback接口。
(3) 为相机设置Preview
(4) 构建一个Preview的Layout来 预览相机;
(5) 为拍照建立Listener以获取拍照后的回调;
(6) 拍照并保存文件;
(7) 释放Camera。
具体步骤
第一步:在Eclipse中创建一个名为AndroidCamera的Android工程,可参见Helloworld的例子;
第二步:在AndroidManifest.xml中添加使用Camera相关的声明如下:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
第三步:编写AndroidCameraActivity类,类的源代码如下:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
public class AndroidCameraActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener, PictureCallback {
private CameraSurfacePreview mCameraSurPreview = null;
private Button mCaptureButton = null;
private String TAG = "Dennis";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
// Create our Preview view and set it as the content of our activity.
FrameLayout preview = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.camera_preview);
mCameraSurPreview = new CameraSurfacePreview(this);
preview.addView(mCameraSurPreview);
// Add a listener to the Capture button
mCaptureButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_capture);
mCaptureButton.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {
//save the picture to sdcard
File pictureFile = getOutputMediaFile();
if (pictureFile == null){
Log.d(TAG, "Error creating media file, check storage permissions: ");
return;
}
try {
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(pictureFile);
fos.write(data);
fos.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "File not found: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "Error accessing file: " + e.getMessage());
}
// Restart the preview and re-enable the shutter button so that we can take another picture
camera.startPreview();
//See if need to enable or not
mCaptureButton.setEnabled(true);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mCaptureButton.setEnabled(false);
// get an image from the camera
mCameraSurPreview.takePicture(this);
}
private File getOutputMediaFile(){
//get the mobile Pictures directory
File picDir = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
//get the current time
String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
return new File(picDir.getPath() + File.separator + "IMAGE_"+ timeStamp + ".jpg");
}
}
第四步:新增CameraSurfacePreview类,源代码如下:
import java.io.IOException;
import android.content.Context;
import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
public class CameraSurfacePreview extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
private SurfaceHolder mHolder;
private Camera mCamera;
public CameraSurfacePreview(Context context) {
super(context);
// Install a SurfaceHolder.Callback so we get notified when the
// underlying surface is created and destroyed.
mHolder = getHolder();
mHolder.addCallback(this);
// deprecated setting, but required on Android versions prior to 3.0
mHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
}
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
Log.d("Dennis", "surfaceCreated() is called");
try {
// Open the Camera in preview mode
mCamera = Camera.open();
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d("Dennis", "Error setting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) {
Log.d("Dennis", "surfaceChanged() is called");
try {
mCamera.startPreview();
} catch (Exception e){
Log.d("Dennis", "Error starting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
if (mCamera != null) {
mCamera.stopPreview();
mCamera.release();
mCamera = null;
}
Log.d("Dennis", "surfaceDestroyed() is called");
}
public void takePicture(PictureCallback imageCallback) {
mCamera.takePicture(null, null, imageCallback);
}
}
第五步:替换Layout文件,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/camera_preview"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button_capture"
android:text="Capture"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
/>
</LinearLayout>
第六步:为AndroidManifest.xml中的acitvity增加如下属性:
android:screenOrientation="landscape"
第七步:运行程序。
拍完照之后,可以在SD卡中的Pictures目录下找到保存的照片。
源代码工程下载地址:
具体下载目录在 /2013年资料/11月/18日/Android Camera系列开发【附源码】