Cobbler(补鞋匠)是通过将DHCP、TFTP、DNS、HTTP等服务进行集成，创建一个中央管理节点，其可以实现的功能有配置服务，创建存储库，解压缩操作系统媒介，代理或集成一个配置管理系统，控制电源管理等。 Cobbler的最终目的是实现无需进行人工干预即可安装机器。
pxe概述
预启动执行环境（Preboot eXecution Environment，PXE，也被称为预执行环境)是让计算机通过网卡独立地使用数据设备(如硬盘)或者安装操作系统
PXE Client发送广播包请求DHCP分配IP地址DHCP
Server回复请求，给出IP地址以及Boot
Server的地址PXE下载引导文件执行引导程序
总结来说，
pxe客户端会调用网际协议（ip）、用户数据报协议(udp)、动态主机设定协议(DHCP)、小型文件传输协议(TFTP)
pxe客户端（client）指机器在pxe启动过程中的角色。一个pxe客户端可以是一台服务器、笔记本电脑或者其他装有pxe启动代码的机器
PXE主要是通过广播的方式发送一个包，并请注获取一个地址，而后交给TFTP程序下载一个引导文件。
cobbler和Kickstart批量装机软件
Cobbler由Python语言开发，是对PXE和Kickstart以及DHCP的封装。融合很多特性，提供了CLI和Web的管理形式。更加方便的实行网络安装。同时，Cobbler也提供了API接口，使用其它语言也很容易做扩展。它不紧可以安装物理机，同时也支持kvm、xen虚拟化、Guest OS的安装。更多的是它还能结合Puppet等集中化管理软件，实现自动化的管理。
Kickstart 是一种无人值守的安装方式，它的工作原理是在安装过程中记录人工干预填写的各种参数，并生成一个名为ks.cfg的文件。我们可以简单理解为一个自动安装应答配置管理程序。通过读取这个配置文件，系统知道怎么去分区，要安装什么包，配什么IP，优化什么内核参数等等
一句话总结：Cobbler补鞋匠是对Kickstart的封装，简化安装步骤、使用流程，官方号称补鞋匠都能学会的批量装机。
Cobbler 工作流程
server端：
第一步，启动Cobbler服务
第二步，进行Cobbler错误检查，执行cobbler check命令
第三步，进行配置同步，执行cobbler sync命令
第四步，复制相关启动文件文件到TFTP目录中
第五步，启动DHCP服务，提供地址分配
第六步，DHCP服务分配IP地址
第七步，TFTP传输启动文件
第八步，Server端接收安装信息
第九步，Server端发送ISO镜像与Kickstart文件
Client端：
第一步，客户端以PXE模式启动
第二步，客户端获取IP地址
第三步，通过TFTP服务器获取启动文件
第四步，进入Cobbler安装选择界面
第五步，客户端确定加载信息
第六步，根据配置信息准备安装系统
第七步，加载Kickstart文件
第八步，传输系统安装的其它文件
第九步，进行安装系统
正式环境准备：
1.网络环境：host-only、nat网络，因为Cobbler需要用到自己的dhcp服务器，所以为了防止都在同一个网络造成dhcp获取混乱，需要切换网络!~
2.类似安装服务必要的环境准备：1,关闭iptables,selinux 2,配置静态IP、设置主机名 并且在hosts文件下绑定 3.时间同步 4.配置本地iso镜像里的yum仓库，163源epel源 （安装软件）
cobbler server ------- client
192.168.100.221/24 ------------------------------------ 装机时候由DHCP自动配置
一. 在cobbler server上安装cobbler
yum install cobbler cobbler-web tftp* rsync xinetd http* syslinux dhcp* pykickstart
[root@bokeyuan ~]# yum install cobbler cobbler-web tftp* rsync xinetd http* syslinux dhcp* pykickstart
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Package rsync-3.0.9-17.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 12:dhcp-common-4.2.5-47.el7.CentOS.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 12:dhcp-libs-4.2.5-47.el7.centos.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package pykickstart-1.99.66.10-1.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cobbler.noarch 0:2.6.3-1.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-simplejson for package: cobbler-2.6.3-1.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-cheetah for package: cobbler-2.6.3-1.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: mod_wsgi for package: cobbler-2.6.3-1.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: PyYAML for package: cobbler-2.6.3-1.el6.noarch
---> Package cobbler-web.noarch 0:2.6.3-1.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mod_ssl for package: cobbler-web-2.6.3-1.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: Django for package: cobbler-web-2.6.3-1.el6.noarch
---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-47.el7.centos will be installed
---> Package httpcomponents-client.noarch 0:4.2.5-5.el7_0 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mvn(commons-logging:commons-logging) for package: httpcomponents-client-4.2.5-5.el7_0.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: mvn(commons-codec:commons-codec) for package: httpcomponents-client-4.2.5-5.el7_0.noarch
---> Package httpcomponents-core.noarch 0:4.2.4-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64
---> Package httpd-devel.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: apr-util-devel for package: httpd-devel-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: apr-devel for package: httpd-devel-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64
---> Package httpd-manual.noarch 0:2.4.6-45.el7.centos will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7.centos will be installed
---> Package syslinux.x86_64 0:4.05-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package tftp.x86_64 0:5.2-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package tftp-server.x86_64 0:5.2-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.15-13.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package Django14.noarch 0:1.4.20-1.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python(abi) = 2.6 for package: Django14-1.4.20-1.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-simplejson for package: Django14-1.4.20-1.el6.noarch
---> Package PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-11.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libyaml-0.so.2()(64bit) for package: PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64
---> Package apache-commons-codec.noarch 0:1.8-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package apache-commons-logging.noarch 0:1.1.2-7.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mvn(logkit:logkit) for package: apache-commons-logging-1.1.2-7.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: mvn(log4j:log4j) for package: apache-commons-logging-1.1.2-7.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: mvn(avalon-framework:avalon-framework-api) for package: apache-commons-logging-1.1.2-7.el7.noarch
---> Package apr-devel.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: openldap-devel(x86-64) for package: apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdb-devel(x86-64) for package: apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: expat-devel(x86-64) for package: apr-util-devel-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64
---> Package cobbler.noarch 0:2.6.3-1.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-simplejson for package: cobbler-2.6.3-1.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-cheetah for package: cobbler-2.6.3-1.el6.noarch
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package mod_ssl.x86_64 1:2.4.6-45.el7.centos will be installed
---> Package mod_wsgi.x86_64 0:3.4-12.el7_0 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package Django14.noarch 0:1.4.20-1.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python(abi) = 2.6 for package: Django14-1.4.20-1.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-simplejson for package: Django14-1.4.20-1.el6.noarch
---> Package avalon-framework.noarch 0:4.3-10.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: xalan-j2 for package: avalon-framework-4.3-10.el7.noarch
---> Package avalon-logkit.noarch 0:2.1-14.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat-servlet-3.0-api for package: avalon-logkit-2.1-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: jms for package: avalon-logkit-2.1-14.el7.noarch
---> Package cobbler.noarch 0:2.6.3-1.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-simplejson for package: cobbler-2.6.3-1.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-cheetah for package: cobbler-2.6.3-1.el6.noarch
---> Package expat-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.0-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package libdb-devel.x86_64 0:5.3.21-19.el7 will be installed
---> Package libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0 will be installed
---> Package log4j.noarch 0:1.2.17-15.el7 will be installed