Linux文件查看与查找命令
cat 查看一个文件
-E: 显示行结束符$
-n: 对显示出的每一行进行编号
-A:显示所有控制符
-b:非空行编号
-s:压缩连续的空行成一行
-T:显示制表符
常用:cat -An /etc/passwd
[root@linuxidc ~]# cat -An /etc/passwd 1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash$ 2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin$ 3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin$ 4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin$ 5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin$ 6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync$ 7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown$ 8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt$ 9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin$more 分页查看文件
文件内容较多时,用more命令查看,空格键下翻,b键上翻,Q退出
[root@linuxidc ~]# more install.log Installing libgcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64 warning: libgcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c10 5b9de: NOKEY Installing fontpackages-filesystem-1.41-1.1.el6.noarch Installing m17n-db-1.5.5-1.1.el6.noarch Installing liberation-fonts-common-1.05.1.20090721-5.el6.noarch Installing setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch Installing xkeyboard-config-2.16-1.el6.noarch Installing xml-common-0.6.3-33.el6.noarch Installing iso-codes-3.16-2.el6.noarch Installing filesystem-2.4.30-3.el6.x86_64 Installing dejavu-fonts-common-2.33-1.el6.noarch Installing mozilla-filesystem-1.9-5.1.el6.x86_64 Installing control-center-filesystem-2.28.1-40.el6.x86_64 Installing paktype-fonts-common-2.0-8.el6.noarch Installing mesa-dri-filesystem-11.0.7-4.el6.x86_64head 显示前十行内容
[root@linuxidc ~]# head install.log Installing libgcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64 warning: libgcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY Installing fontpackages-filesystem-1.41-1.1.el6.noarch Installing m17n-db-1.5.5-1.1.el6.noarch Installing liberation-fonts-common-1.05.1.20090721-5.el6.noarch Installing setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch Installing xkeyboard-config-2.16-1.el6.noarch Installing xml-common-0.6.3-33.el6.noarch Installing iso-codes-3.16-2.el6.noarch Installing filesystem-2.4.30-3.el6.x86_64-c#:指定获取前#个字节
[root@linuxidc ~]# head -c6 install.log Instal[root@linuxidc ~]#-n#:指定获取前#行
[root@linuxidc ~]# head -n6 install.log Installing libgcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64 warning: libgcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY Installing fontpackages-filesystem-1.41-1.1.el6.noarch Installing m17n-db-1.5.5-1.1.el6.noarch Installing liberation-fonts-common-1.05.1.20090721-5.el6.noarch Installing setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch-#:指定行数
[root@linuxidc ~]# head -3 install.log Installing libgcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64 warning: libgcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY Installing fontpackages-filesystem-1.41-1.1.el6.noarchtail 默认显示文件后面10行的内容
[root@linuxidc ~]# tail install.log Installing iwl3945-firmware-15.32.2.9-4.el6.noarch Installing ql2200-firmware-2.02.08-3.1.el6.noarch Installing rt73usb-firmware-1.8-7.el6.noarch Installing ipw2100-firmware-1.3-11.el6.noarch Installing ql23xx-firmware-3.03.27-3.1.el6.noarch Installing ipw2200-firmware-3.1-4.el6.noarch Installing rootfiles-8.1-6.1.el6.noarch Installing man-pages-3.22-20.el6.noarch Installing words-3.0-17.el6.noarch *** FINISHED INSTALLING PACKAGES ***[root@linuxidc ~]#-n#:指定获取后#行
[root@linuxidc ~]# tail -n2 install.log Installing words-3.0-17.el6.noarch *** FINISHED INSTALLING PACKAGES ***[root@linuxidc ~]#-#:指定行数
[root@linuxidc ~]# tail -2 install.log Installing words-3.0-17.el6.noarch *** FINISHED INSTALLING PACKAGES ***[root@linuxidc ~]#-f:实时查看文件的最新变化 用于排查故障的时候 等同于tailf
[root@linuxidc ~]# tailf install.log Installing iwl3945-firmware-15.32.2.9-4.el6.noarch Installing ql2200-firmware-2.02.08-3.1.el6.noarch Installing rt73usb-firmware-1.8-7.el6.noarch Installing ipw2100-firmware-1.3-11.el6.noarch Installing ql23xx-firmware-3.03.27-3.1.el6.noarch Installing ipw2200-firmware-3.1-4.el6.noarch Installing rootfiles-8.1-6.1.el6.noarch Installing man-pages-3.22-20.el6.noarch Installing words-3.0-17.el6.noarch *** FINISHED INSTALLING PACKAGES ***cut:文本内容切割并按要求输出
-d:指明分隔符
-f:指明要取出的字段
如要取出此文件内容的第一段
[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync [root@linuxidc ~]# cut -d ":" -f1 /etc/passwd root bin daemon adm lp syncwc:查看文件内容有多少字符,多少行,多少字节
[root@linuxidc ~]# wc /etc/passwd 35 54 1672 /etc/passwdwc -l:统计行数 (常用)
[root@linuxidc ~]# wc -l /etc/passwd 35 /etc/passwdsort:排序
-r 逆序
-n 按照数字大写
-f 忽略字符串大小写
-t “c” 以后面的字符作为分隔符