CentOS及Red Hat Linux安装yum源

前言：
Red Hat Linux的yum在线更新是收费的，未注册则不能使用，这个是要填序列号激活的，解决办法是更换为CentOS的yum。

查询原有的yum
[root@orcl ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.i686
yum-utils-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch
yum-plugin-security-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch
yum-3.2.29-75.el6.centos.noarch
yum-rhn-plugin-0.9.1-43.el6.noarch

删除原有的yum
[root@orcl ~]# rpm -aq|grep yum|xargs rpm -e –nodeps
[root@orcl ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum
[root@orcl ~]#

查询原有yum配置
[root@orcl ~]# whereis yum
yum: /etc/yum
[root@orcl ~]# rm -fr /etc/yum

下载需要的安装包

系统为32的，所以我选择i386。64的自行查找x86_64。可以使用 wget 下载
yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.i686.rpm
Python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm

安装python
[root@orcl ~]# rpm -ivh python-iniparse-….noarch.rpm
warning: python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
python(abi) = 2.7 is needed by python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch
当前安装版本与服务器不兼容，退后一个版本再试。查看当前发行版本号 cat /etc/issue

错误：系统位数与安装程序包位数不一致 file /bin/ls
error: Failed dependencies:
libc.so.6()(64bit) is needed by yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit) is needed by yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64
libglib-2.0.so.0()(64bit) is needed by yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64
libpthread.so.0()(64bit) is needed by yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64
libpython2.6.so.1.0()(64bit) is needed by yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64
libsqlite3.so.0()(64bit) is needed by yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64
libxml2.so.2()(64bit) is needed by yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64
libxml2.so.2(LIBXML2_2.4.30)(64bit) is needed by yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64

重新下载32位程序包
[root@orcl ~]# rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
package python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch is already installed
[root@orcl ~]# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.i686.rpm
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:yum-metadata-parser ########################################### [100%]
[root@orcl ~]# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-73.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-37.el6.noarch.rpm
Preparing… ########################################### [100%]
1:yum-plugin-fastestmirro########################################### [ 50%]
2:yum ########################################### [100%]
[root@orcl ~]#
注意最后两个包必需同时安装，否则会相互依赖

更改yum源（使用网易的CentOS镜像源）
[root@localhost yum]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS6-Base-163.repo
将所有 $releasever 修改为具体的版本号，我这里写的是6.8，这个自己打开（）找一下就可以。

# CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.8/os/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.8/updates/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.8/extras/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.8/centosplus/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.8/contrib/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

清理yum缓存
yum clean all

显示已安程序包及可安程序包
yum list

可以按要求更新程序包或安装
yum update / yum install 包名

到此结束了，亲们。

更多YUM相关教程见以下内容：