在Linux系统当中，如何搜、索查找文件里面的内容呢？ 这个应该是系统维护、管理当中遇到最常见的需求。那么下面介绍，总结一下如何搜索、查找文件当中的内容。
搜索、查找文件当中的内容，一般最常用的是grep命令，另外还有egrep, vi命令也能搜索文件里面内容
1：搜索某个文件里面是否包含字符串，使用grep "search content" filename1， 例如
$ grep ORA alert_gsp.log
$ grep "ORA" alert_gsp.log
例如我们需要搜索、查找utlspadv.sql文件中包含ORA的字符内容
[Oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep "ORA" utlspadv.sql -- ORA-XXXXX: Monitoring already started. If for example you want -- ORA-20111: -- ORA-20112: -- ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found' -- ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found' -- 0 |<PS> =>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 0 0 2 99.3% 0% 0.7% "" -- |<PR> DBS1.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM=> 100% 0% 0% "" |<PR> ... -- =>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 92 7 99.3% 0% 0.7% "" |<PR> ... -- |<C> CAPTURE_USER1=>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 2 0 0 0.E+00 -- |<C> CAPTURE_USER1=>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM -- ORA-20111: -- ORA-20112: -- ORA-20100: -- ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found' -- ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found' [oracle@DB-Server admin]$
如上所示，这个是一个模糊匹配，其实我是想要查看ORA这类错误，那么我要过滤掉哪一些没有用的，搜索的内容修改一下即可（当然也可以使用特殊参数，后面有讲述），如下所示。
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep "ORA-" utlspadv.sql -- ORA-XXXXX: Monitoring already started. If for example you want -- ORA-20111: -- ORA-20112: -- ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found' -- ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found' -- ORA-20111: -- ORA-20112: -- ORA-20100: -- ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found' -- ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found' [oracle@DB-Server admin]$
2: 如果你想搜索多个文件是否包含某个字符串,可以使用下面方式
grep "search content" filename1 filename2.... filenamen
grep "search content" *.sql
例如我想查看当前目录下,哪些sql脚本包含视图v$temp_space_header（注意：搜索的内容如果包含特殊字符时，必须进行转义处理，如下所示）
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep "v\$temp_space_header" *.sql catspacd.sql:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header; catspacd.sql:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header; catspace.sql:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header; catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header; catspace.sql:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header; catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header catspace.sql: FROM gv$temp_space_header [oracle@DB-Server admin]$
3：如果需要显示搜索文本在文件中的行数，可以使用参数-n
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep -n "v\$temp_space_header" *.sql catspacd.sql:68:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header; catspacd.sql:71:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header; catspace.sql:1952:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header; catspace.sql:1953:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header; catspace.sql:1956:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header; catspace.sql:1957:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header catspace.sql:2357: FROM gv$temp_space_header [oracle@DB-Server admin]$
4: 如果搜索时需要忽略大小写问题，可以使用参数-i