本节演示如何使用Java来连接RabbitMQ，以此来生产和消费消息。生产者发送一条消息“Hello World！”给RabbitMQ服务器，消费者拿到之后进行消费。
1.1 maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.7.1</version>
</dependency>
1.2 生产者代码
package com.hys.rabbitmq;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.MessageProperties;
public class RabbitProducer {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_demo";
private static final String ROUTING_KEY = "routingkey_demo";
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_demo";
private static final String IP_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT = 5672;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost(IP_ADDRESS);
factory.setPort(PORT);
factory.setUsername("root");
factory.setPassword("root");
//创建连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建信道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//创建一个type="direct"、持久化的、非自动删除的交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct", true, false, null);
//创建一个持久化、非排他的、非自动删除的队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);
//将交换器与队列通过路由键绑定
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY);
//发送一条持久化的消息：hello world！
String message = "Hello World!";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY, MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN, message.getBytes());
//关闭资源
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
运行上述代码后，打开RabbitMQ的管理界面，可以看到消息已经存在RabbitMQ里了：
1.3 消费者代码
package com.hys.rabbitmq;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Address;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
public class RabbitConsumer {
private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_demo";
private static final String IP_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT = 5672;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
Address[] addresses = new Address[] { new Address(IP_ADDRESS, PORT) };
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setUsername("root");
factory.setPassword("root");
//这里的连接方式与生产者的demo略有不同，注意辨别区别
//创建连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection(addresses);
//创建信道
final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//设置客户端最多接受未被ack的消息的个数
channel.basicQos(64);
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("recv message:" + new String(body));
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, consumer);
//等待回调函数执行完毕之后，关闭资源
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
运行结果：
recv message:Hello World!
再次查看RabbitMQ管理界面，可以看到此时消息已经变为了0：
2 Spring Boot连接
2.1 maven依赖
<!-- RabbitMQ -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.2 application.properties文件
#RabbitMQ配置
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=127.0.0.1
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=root
spring.rabbitmq.password=root
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
2.3 配置类代码