Linux Yum 命令使用举例

纵观Linux各发行版使用的软件包管理命令,如apt-get ,dpkg, rpm ,yum,emerge等等。在命令行下,利用这类软件包管理方式来安装、卸载软件,升级软件包都将提高操作效率。Linux 的图形界面,也可以很好的完成相关操作。但是,使用命令行方式,将会得到比图形界面更好地体验。

本文给大家讲解Yum的使用15个范例:

Yum软件包管理方式,在Red Hat,Fedora,CentOS等发行版本上运用广泛。

#1,安装软件
命令格式:
yum install packagename
举例:
# yum install postgresql.x86_64
Resolving Dependencies
Install       2 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Package(s) data still to download: 3.0 M
(1/2): postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm          | 2.8 MB     00:11
(2/2): postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm    | 203 kB     00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                        241 kB/s | 3.0 MB     00:12    
Running Transaction
  Installing : postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64             1/2
  Installing : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64                   2/2
Complete!
上述过程中会提示你是否同意安装软件,如果嫌此问麻烦的话,可以使用下面参数-y,直接安装软件:
举例:
# yum -y install postgresql.x86_64

#2,卸载软件
命令格式:
yum remove package举例:
# yum remove  postgresql.x86_64
Resolving Dependencies
---> Package postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15 will be erased
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
  Erasing    : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64       1/1
Removed:
  postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15
Complete!

#3,升级现有软件包
命令格式:
yum update package使用举例:
# yum update postgresql.x86_64

#4,“yum search”搜索已安装软件包
命令格式:
yum search keyword使用举例,搜索软件包firefox:
# yum search firefox
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
============== N/S Matched: firefox ======================
firefox.x86_64 : Mozilla Firefox Web browser
gnome-do-plugins-firefox.x86_64 : gnome-do-plugins for firefox
mozilla-firetray-firefox.x86_64 : System tray extension for firefox
mozilla-adblockplus.noarch : Adblocking extension for Mozilla Firefox
mozilla-noscript.noarch : JavaScript white list extension for Mozilla Firefox
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

#5,使用yum info查看软件包额外信息
命令格式:
yum info package使用举例:
# yum info samba-common.i686
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
Available Packages
Name        : samba-common
Arch        : i686
Epoch       : 1
Version     : 3.5.11
Release     : 71.fc15.1
Size        : 9.9 M
Repo        : updates
Summary     : Files used by both Samba servers and clients
URL         :
License     : GPLv3+ and LGPLv3+
Description : Samba-common provides files necessary for both the server and client
            : packages of Samba.

#6,“yum list”查看可安装的软件包
下面命令将会列出可安装的软件包:
# yum list | less

#7,“yum list installed”列出已安装软件包
可使用命令“yum list installed” 查看在系统上已安装的软件包:
# yum list installed | less

#8,”yum provides”查看特定文件属于哪个软件包
大家可以使用”yum provides”查看特定文件属于哪个软件包:
举例:
# yum provides /etc/sysconfig/nfs
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-10.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
                                 : daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo        : fedora
Matched from:
Filename    : /etc/sysconfig/nfs
1:nfs-utils-1.2.4-1.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
                                : daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo        : updates
Matched from:
Filename    : /etc/sysconfig/nfs
1:nfs-utils-1.2.4-1.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
                                : daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo        : installed
Matched from:
Other       : Provides-match: /etc/sysconfig/nfs

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