养成良好的编码习惯,一个合格的程序员需要掌握一些编写单元测试的能力。单元测试也可以整体上提升我们的代码质量,这里介绍下 VUE 组件的单元测试。
如果想直接通过 Demo 学习,可以跳过下面的内容,点击这里下载示例
技术栈
@vue/test-utils[1.0.0-beta.30]
istanbul-instrumenter-loader[3.0.1]
karma[4.4.1]
karma-chrome-launcher[3.1.0]
karma-mocha[1.3.0]
karma-sourcemap-loader[0.3.7]
karma-coverage-istanbul-reporter[2.1.1]
karma-webpack[4.0.2]
webpack[4.41.5]
定义配置文件
karma.conf.js 文件用于 karma 的配置,使用 node_modules/.bin/karma init 命令创建该文件,我们定义如下配置:
// Karma configuration const webpackConfig = require('./config/webpack.test.config.js') module.exports = function(config) { config.set({ // base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude) basePath: '.', // frameworks to use // available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter frameworks: [ 'mocha' ], // list of files / patterns to load in the browser files: [ 'test/**/*.spec.js' ], // preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser // available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor preprocessors: { 'test/**/*.spec.js': [ 'webpack', 'sourcemap' ] }, // webpack config webpack: webpackConfig, webpackMiddleware: { stats: 'errors-only' }, // web server port port: 9876, // enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs) colors: true, // level of logging // possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG logLevel: config.LOG_INFO, // enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes autoWatch: true, // start these browsers // available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher browsers: [ 'Chrome' ], // Continuous Integration mode // if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits singleRun: false, // Concurrency level // how many browser should be started simultaneous concurrency: Infinity }) }
设置 frameworks 为 ['mocha'],即使用 mocha 测试框架
设置 files 为 ['test/**/*.spec.js'],即对 test 目录下所有的后缀为 .spec.js 文件测试
设置 preprocessors 为 {'**/*.spec.js': ['webpack', 'sourcemap']},即使用 webpack,sourcemap 对所有的测试文件进行 webpack 打包
设置 browsers 为 Chrome,即使用 Chrome 浏览器作为测试浏览器
编写测试用例
详细的关于 @vue/test-utils 用法,查看 https://vue-test-utils.vuejs.org/zh/
import { expect } from 'chai' import { shallowMount } from '@vue/test-utils' import Header from '../src/components/Header' describe('Header', () => { const wrapper = shallowMount(Header) const header = wrapper.find('header') const h1 = wrapper.find('h1') it('有 header 标签', () => { expect(header.exists()).to.be.true }) it('有 h1 标签', () => { expect(h1.exists()).to.be.true }) it('h1 的文案为“VUE 单页模版”', () => { expect(h1.text()).to.equal('VUE 单页模版') }) it('h1 标签在 header 标签中', () => { expect(header.contains('h1')).to.be.true }) })
这里我引用 vue-single-page 的 Header 组件测试用例
首先通过 shallowMount 获取 wrapper
使用 chai 断言库编写相关的测试用例
运行结果
i 「wdm」: Compiled successfully.
15 01 2020 18:28:13.799:INFO [karma-server]: Karma v4.4.1 server started at :9876/
15 01 2020 18:28:13.813:INFO [launcher]: Launching browsers Chrome with concurrency unlimited
15 01 2020 18:28:13.820:INFO [launcher]: Starting browser Chrome
15 01 2020 18:28:17.075:INFO [Chrome 79.0.3945 (Windows 10.0.0)]: Connected on socket PUKPz4iBuFzeVNSsAAAA with id 91716917
TOTAL: 4 SUCCESS
可以看到我们的单元测试已经通过了
测试覆盖率报告
测试完成后,我们需要查看测试覆盖率报告。这需要在 webpack.test.config.js 和 karma.conf.js 中做一些配置修改
webpack.test.config.js
const merge = require('webpack-merge') const path = require('path') const webpackCommonConfig = require('./webpack.common.config') const testConfig = { devtool: 'inline-source-map', mode: 'none', module: { rules: [ { test: /\.spec.js$/i, enforce: 'pre', use: [ { loader: 'istanbul-instrumenter-loader', options: { esModules: true } } ] } ] } } module.exports = merge(webpackCommonConfig, testConfig)
添加一个优先执行的编译 .spec.js 文件的 rules,loader 使用 istanbul-instrumenter-loader 并开启 esModules 模式
karma.conf.js