在Oracle 11.2中引入了几个新的并行查询参数。对于数据仓库应用来说经常利用并行处理来快速有效地处理信息，尤其是查询非常大的表或加入了复杂的算式更应该使用并行查询。在Oracle之前的版本中，我们不得不或多或秒的来决定自动并行度。决定一个最佳并行度是非常困难的。真实最佳并行度依赖于数据块在磁盘上的物理位置以及服务器的CPU数量(cpu_count)，为了解决并行查询的这些问题，在Oracle11.2中引入了以下新的并行查询参数。
1.parallel_degree_policy
parallel_degree_policy参数可以被设置为manual,auto或limited在Oracle11.1中parallel_degree_policy缺省设置为manual(禁用了automatic degree of parallelism,statement queuing与in-memory parallel execution)
SQL> show parameter parallel_degree_policy;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
parallel_degree_policy string manual
SQL> set autotrace on
SQL> select count(*) from t1;
COUNT(*)
----------
22040576
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3724264953
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 84998 (1)| 00:00:06 |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 21M| 84998 (1)| 00:00:06 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Note
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
22 recursive calls
0 db block gets
469904 consistent gets
313229 physical reads
0 redo size
425 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
415 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
2 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
但我们可以手动指定并行度
SQL> show parameter parallel_degree_policy
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
parallel_degree_policy string manual
SQL> set autotrace on
SQL> select /*+ parallel */ count(*) from t1;
COUNT(*)
----------
22040576
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3110199320
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time | TQ |IN-OUT| PQ Distrib |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 47183 (1)| 00:00:04 | | | |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | | | | |
| 2 | PX COORDINATOR | | | | | | | |
| 3 | PX SEND QC (RANDOM) | :TQ10000 | 1 | | | Q1,00 | P->S | QC (RAND) |
| 4 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | | Q1,00 | PCWP | |
| 5 | PX BLOCK ITERATOR | | 21M| 47183 (1)| 00:00:04 | Q1,00 | PCWC | |
| 6 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 21M| 47183 (1)| 00:00:04 | Q1,00 | PCWP | |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=5)
- automatic DOP: Computed Degree of Parallelism is 2