同样,当包含一个解释器时,复合模式的叶子和容器参与者名称会不一样,这些名称反映了它们所扮演的角色:终结符(terminal)或非终结符(nonterminal)表达式。
来看下参与者:
◆客户端(Client):使用解释操作。
◆抽象表达式(AbstractExpression):基于一个表达式树抽象。
◆非终结符表达式(NonTerminalExpression):递归地包含其它抽象表达式(AbstractExpression实例)的表达式。
◆终结符表达式(TerminalExpression):不能够进一步简化的表达式。
我们来看下《设计模式》一书针对这个模式提供的一个扩展示例,是一个网友使用数学表达式替换布尔表达式重新改造了一下,因此这个例子解决了一个数学表达式的展现,它的evaluate( )被分离在一个不同的ConcreteExpression类中,如下:
/** * AbstractExpression. All implementations of this interface * are ConcreteExpressions. */ interface MathExpression { /** * Calculates the value assumed by the expression. * Note that $values is passed to all expression but it * is used by Variable only. This is required to abstract * away the tree structure. */ public function evaluate(array $values); } /** * A terminal expression which is a literal value. */ class Literal implements MathExpression { private $_value; public function __construct($value) { $this->_value = $value; } public function evaluate(array $values) { return $this->_value; } } /** * A terminal expression which represents a variable. */ class Variable implements MathExpression { private $_letter; public function __construct($letter) { $this->_letter = $letter; } public function evaluate(array $values) { return $values[$this->_letter]; } } /** * Nonterminal expression. */ class Sum implements MathExpression { private $_a; private $_b; public function __construct(MathExpression $a, MathExpression $b) { $this->_a = $a; $this->_b = $b; } public function evaluate(array $values) { return $this->_a->evaluate($values) + $this->_b->evaluate($values); } } /** * Nonterminal expression. */ class Product implements MathExpression { private $_a; private $_b; public function __construct(MathExpression $a, MathExpression $b) { $this->_a = $a; $this->_b = $b; } public function evaluate(array $values) { return $this->_a->evaluate($values) * $this->_b->evaluate($values); } } // 10(a + 3) $expression = new Product(new Literal(10), new Sum(new Variable('a'), new Literal(3))); echo $expression->evaluate(array('a' => 4)), "\n"; // adding new rules to the grammar is easy: // e.g. Power, Subtraction... // thanks to the Composite, manipulation is even simpler: // we could add substitute($letter, MathExpression $expr) // to the interface...
内容版权声明:除非注明,否则皆为本站原创文章。