静分离能有效提升站点访问效率，此时apache工作在反向代理模式。PHP不在作为apache的模块。而是以独立服务器的方式运行。两者之间通过fcgi机制建立通讯。
Ubuntu 14.04 配置 LAMP+phpMyAdmin PHP(5.5.9)开发环境
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一.安装DNS服务实现域名解析
1.安装bind
[root@www ~]# yum install bind
2.配置named主配置文件
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package toconfigure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (asa localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ forexample named configuration files.
//
options {
// listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
// listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
// allow-query { localhost; };
recursion yes;
// dnssec-enable yes;
// dnssec-validation yes;
// dnssec-lookaside auto;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
/*bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
*/
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file"data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
include"/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";
3.配置区域配置文件
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[root@www ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones zone "stu31.com" IN { type master; file "stu31.com.zone"; };
4.配置区域解析库文件（正向）
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[root@www ~]# vim /var/named/stu31.com.zone $TTL 600 $ORIGIN stu31.com. @ IN SOA ns1.stu31.com. root@stu31.com ( 20141219 1M 2H 3D 6M ) @ IN NS ns1 IN MX 5 mail ns1 IN A 172.16.31.20 www IN A 172.16.31.20 bbs IN A 172.16.31.20 pmp IN A 172.16.31.20 mail IN A 172.16.31.20 pop3 IN CNAME mail iamp4 IN CNAME mail
更改权限及属主属组
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[root@www ~]# chmod 640/var/named/stu31.com.zone [root@www ~]# chown :named/var/named/stu31.com.zone
5.检查语法
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[root@www ~]# named-checkconf [root@www ~]# named-checkzone stu31.com/var/named/stu31.com.zone zone stu31.com/IN: loaded serial 20141219 OK
6.启动named服务
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[root@www ~]# service named start Generating /etc/rndc.key: [ OK ] Starting named: [ OK ]
将本地网络的DNS服务器地址指向172.16.31.20
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[root@www ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DNS=172.16.31.20
测试完全区域：
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[root@www ~]# dig -t axfr stu31.com @172.16.31.20 ; <<>> DiG9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6 <<>> -t axfr stu31.com@172.16.31.20 ;; global options: +cmd stu31.com. 600 IN SOA ns1.stu31.com.root\@stu31.com.stu31.com. 2014121903 60 7200 259200 360 stu31.com. 600 IN NS ns1.stu31.com. stu31.com. 600 IN MX 5 mail.stu31.com. bbs.stu31.com. 600 IN A 172.16.31.20 iamp4.stu31.com. 600 IN CNAME mail.stu31.com. mail.stu31.com. 600 IN A 172.16.31.20 ns1.stu31.com. 600 IN A 172.16.31.20 pmp.stu31.com. 600 IN A 172.16.31.20 pop3.stu31.com. 600 IN CNAME mail.stu31.com. web.stu31.com. 600 IN A 172.16.31.20 600 IN A 172.16.31.20 stu31.com. 600 IN SOA ns1.stu31.com.root\@stu31.com.stu31.com. 2014121903 60 7200 259200 360 ;; Query time: 2 msec ;; SERVER: 172.16.31.20#53(172.16.31.20) ;; WHEN: Mon Dec 22 08:31:22 2014 ;; XFR size: 12 records (messages 1, bytes304)
二.源码安装httpd-2.4.10
1.安装apr及apr-util
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[root@www ~]# tar xf apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2 [root@www ~]# cd apr-1.5.0 [root@www apr-1.5.0]# ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/apr [root@www apr-1.5.0]# make && makeinstall
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[root@www apr-1.5.0]# cd .. [root@www ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2 [root@www ~]# cd apr-util-1.5.3 [root@www apr-util-1.5.3]# ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr [root@www apr-util-1.5.3]# make &&make install
设置apr及apr-util成为系统环境变量
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[root@www apr-util-1.5.3]# vim/etc/profile.d/apr.sh exportPATH=/usr/local/apr/bin:/usr/local/apr-util/bin:$PATH
2.源码安装httpd
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[root@www ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.10.tar.bz2 [root@www ~]# cd httpd-2.4.10 [root@www httpd-2.4.10]# ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-rewrite --with-z --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event
编译参数注释
--prefix= #指定安装到/usr/local/apache路径下
--sysconfdir= #指定配置文件安装到/etc/httpd24下
--enable=so #支持动态装卸载模块
--enable-ssl #支持https加密传输
--enable-rewrite #支持URL重写
--enable-cgi #支持cgi格式脚本
--with-z #支持zlib压缩
--with-pcre #支持扩展正则表达式
--with-apr #指定apr安装位置
--with-apr-util #指定apr-util安装位置
--enable-mpms-shared #把mpm三种模式以共享模块的方式编译进去
--enable-mpm #httpd启动是默认是开启event模式
--enable-rewrite #支持反向代理
安装：
1
[root@www httpd-2.4.10]#make &&make install
3.创建httpd服务脚本（因为系统已安装httpd，我们需要安装到其他路径，服务脚本也一样要更改名称，与原httpd服务区分）
[root@www httpd-2.4.10]# cp /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd httpd24
[root@www httpd-2.4.10]# vim httpd24
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTPServer
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: The Apache HTTP Server is anefficient and extensible \
# server implementing the currentHTTP standards.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: httpd
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs$network $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs$network
# Should-Start: distcache
# Short-Description: start and stop ApacheHTTP Server
# Description: The Apache HTTP Server is anextensible server
# implementing the current HTTP standards.
### END INIT INFO
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
#if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
# . /etc/sysconfig/httpd
#fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowingup a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from theuser.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in/etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker"MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM;notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, serverbinary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}
# The semantics of these two functionsdiffer from the way apachectl does
# things -- attempting to start whilerunning is a failure, and shutdown
# when not running is also a failure. So we just do it the way init scripts
# are expected to behave here.
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}
# When stopping httpd, a delay (of default10 second) is required
# before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; thisgives enough time for the
# httpd parent to SIGKILL any errantchildren.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=6
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntaxerror"
else
# Force LSB behaviour from killproc
LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
failure $"httpd shutdown"
fi
fi
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then
stop
start
fi
;;
force-reload|reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog{start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
RETVAL=2
esac
exit $RETVAL
复制脚本到服务脚本存放路径：
[root@www httpd-2.4.10]# cp httpd24 /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd24
将httpd24服务加入系统启动：
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[root@www httpd-2.4.10]# chkconfig --listhttpd24 service httpd24 supports chkconfig, but isnot referenced in any runlevel (run 'chkconfig --add httpd24') [root@www httpd-2.4.10]# chkconfig --addhttpd24
4.启动httpd24服务
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[root@www httpd-2.4.10]# service httpd24start Starting httpd: [ OK ]
查看服务监听端口：
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[root@www ~]# ss -tunl |grep 80 tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
测试：
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[root@www ~]# curl <html><body><h1>Itworks!</h1></body></html>
httpd-2.4.10安装完毕
将MySQL主机本地网络的DNS服务器地址指向172.16.31.20
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[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0