今天,在使用 pycharm 的使用,进行创建 Python的时候,发现使用默认的创建的选项使用的python 3环境 。而我系统默认的python环境是 python 2.7 环境;这就引起了我的兴趣。
我打开pycharm 的终端,发现:
前面 有个 venv 参数,通过 调研了一番我发现:python 的 venv 模块可以创建一个独立的虚拟的python运行环境,这样就和系统的python独立开来了。而我使用Fedora 28的系统,默认安装了python2.7 和 python3.6 两种python环境。
我们使用 python 内置的文档查看,venv 相关,其描述为:
Help on package venv:
NAME
venv - Virtual environment (venv) package for Python. Based on PEP 405.
我们使用python3 查看 venv 模块的使用方法:
➜ env pwd
/home/xuyaowen/Desktop/workplace/env
➜ env python3 -m venv -h
usage: venv [-h] [--system-site-packages] [--symlinks | --copies] [--clear]
[--upgrade] [--without-pip] [--prompt PROMPT]
ENV_DIR [ENV_DIR ...]
Creates virtual Python environments in one or more target directories.
positional arguments:
ENV_DIR A directory to create the environment in.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--system-site-packages
Give the virtual environment access to the system
site-packages dir.
--symlinks Try to use symlinks rather than copies, when symlinks
are not the default for the platform.
--copies Try to use copies rather than symlinks, even when
symlinks are the default for the platform.
--clear Delete the contents of the environment directory if it
already exists, before environment creation.
--upgrade Upgrade the environment directory to use this version
of Python, assuming Python has been upgraded in-place.
--without-pip Skips installing or upgrading pip in the virtual
environment (pip is bootstrapped by default)
--prompt PROMPT Provides an alternative prompt prefix for this
environment.
Once an environment has been created, you may wish to activate it, e.g. by
sourcing an activate script in its bin directory.
通过上面的介绍,我们大致知道 venv 的模块使用方法:
首先我们创建虚拟环境:
➜ venvtest pwd
/home/xuyaowen/Desktop/workplace/venvtest
➜ venvtest python3 -m venv .
我们查看创建的结果:
➜ venvtest ls
bin include lib lib64 pyvenv.cfg
➜ venvtest ll *
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 3 Jul 27 11:44 lib64 -> lib
-rw-r--r--. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 69 Jul 27 11:44 pyvenv.cfg
bin:
total 32K
-rw-r--r--. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 2.2K Jul 27 11:44 activate
-rw-r--r--. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 1.3K Jul 27 11:44 activate.csh
-rw-r--r--. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 2.4K Jul 27 11:44 activate.fish
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 271 Jul 27 11:44 easy_install
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 271 Jul 27 11:44 easy_install-3.6
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 243 Jul 27 11:44 pip
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 243 Jul 27 11:44 pip3
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 243 Jul 27 11:44 pip3.6
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 7 Jul 27 11:44 python -> python3
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 xuyaowen xuyaowen 16 Jul 27 11:44 python3 -> /usr/bin/python3
include:
total 0
lib:
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x. 3 xuyaowen xuyaowen 4.0K Jul 27 11:44 python3.6
我们当前 产生了很多虚拟环境相关的文件: