(一)备份namenode的元数据
namenode中的元数据非常重要,如丢失或者损坏,则整个系统无法使用。因此应该经常对元数据进行备份,最好是异地备份。
1、将元数据复制到远程站点
(1)以下代码将secondary namenode中的元数据复制到一个时间命名的目录下,然后通过scp命令远程发送到其它机器
#!/bin/bash
export dirname=/mnt/tmpHadoop/dfs/namesecondary/current/`date +%y%m%d%H`
if [ ! -d ${dirname} ]
then
mkdir ${dirname}
cp /mnt/tmphadoop/dfs/namesecondary/current/* ${dirname}
fi
scp -r ${dirname} slave1:/mnt/namenode_backup/
rm -r ${dirname}
(2)配置crontab,定时执行此项工作
0 0,8,14,20 * * * bash /mnt/scripts/namenode_backup_script.sh
2、在远程站点中启动一个本地namenode守护进程,尝试加载这些备份文件,以确定是否已经进行了正确备份。
(二)数据备份
对于重要的数据,不能完全依赖HDFS,而是需要进行备份,注意以下几点
(1)尽量异地备份
(2)如果使用distcp备份至另一个hdfs集群,则不要使用同一版本的hadoop,避免hadoop自身导致数据出错。
(三)文件系统检查
定期在整个文件系统上运行HDFS的fsck工具,主动查找丢失或者损坏的块。
建议每天执行一次。
[jediael@master ~]$ hadoop fsck /
……省略输出(若有错误,则在此外出现,否则只会出现点,一个点表示一个文件)……
.........Status: HEALTHY
Total size: 14466494870 B
Total dirs: 502
Total files: 1592 (Files currently being written: 2)
Total blocks (validated): 1725 (avg. block size 8386373 B)
Minimally replicated blocks: 1725 (100.0 %)
Over-replicated blocks: 0 (0.0 %)
Under-replicated blocks: 648 (37.565216 %)
Mis-replicated blocks: 0 (0.0 %)
Default replication factor: 2
Average block replication: 2.0
Corrupt blocks: 0
Missing replicas: 760 (22.028986 %)
Number of data-nodes: 2
Number of racks: 1
FSCK ended at Sun Mar 01 20:17:57 CST 2015 in 608 milliseconds
The filesystem under path '/' is HEALTHY
(1)若hdfs-site.xml中的dfs.replication设置为3,而实现上只有2个datanode,则在执行fsck时会出现以下错误;
/hbase/Mar0109_webpage/59ad1be6884739c29d0624d1d31a56d9/il/43e6cd4dc61b49e2a57adf0c63921c09: Under replicated blk_-4711857142889323098_6221. Target Replicas is 3 but found 2 replica(s).
注意,由于原来的dfs.replication为3,后来下线了一台datanode,并将dfs.replication改为2,但原来已创建的文件也会记录dfs.replication为3,从而出现以上错误,并导致 Under-replicated blocks: 648 (37.565216 %)。
(2)fsck工具还可以用来检查一个文件包括哪些块,以及这些块分别在哪等
[jediael@master conf]$ hadoop fsck /hbase/Feb2621_webpage/c23aa183c7cb86af27f15d4c2aee2795/s/30bee5fb620b4cd184412c69f70d24a7 -files -blocks -racks
FSCK started by jediael from /10.171.29.191 for path /hbase/Feb2621_webpage/c23aa183c7cb86af27f15d4c2aee2795/s/30bee5fb620b4cd184412c69f70d24a7 at Sun Mar 01 20:39:35 CST 2015
/hbase/Feb2621_webpage/c23aa183c7cb86af27f15d4c2aee2795/s/30bee5fb620b4cd184412c69f70d24a7 21507169 bytes, 1 block(s): Under replicated blk_7117944555454804881_3655. Target Replicas is 3 but found 2 replica(s).
0. blk_7117944555454804881_3655 len=21507169 repl=2 [/default-rack/10.171.94.155:50010, /default-rack/10.251.0.197:50010]
Status: HEALTHY
Total size: 21507169 B
Total dirs: 0
Total files: 1
Total blocks (validated): 1 (avg. block size 21507169 B)
Minimally replicated blocks: 1 (100.0 %)
Over-replicated blocks: 0 (0.0 %)
Under-replicated blocks: 1 (100.0 %)
Mis-replicated blocks: 0 (0.0 %)
Default replication factor: 2
Average block replication: 2.0
Corrupt blocks: 0
Missing replicas: 1 (50.0 %)
Number of data-nodes: 2
Number of racks: 1
FSCK ended at Sun Mar 01 20:39:35 CST 2015 in 0 milliseconds
The filesystem under path '/hbase/Feb2621_webpage/c23aa183c7cb86af27f15d4c2aee2795/s/30bee5fb620b4cd184412c69f70d24a7' is HEALTHY
此命令的用法如下: