手头有一个UVC（usb video class）摄像头（也称为免驱摄像头），就顺便学习了一下V4L2编程 ，写代码的过程中参考了前辈的博客，觉得写的非常的好，特将链接贴在这里
关于V4L2讲解的可以学习前辈的博客，这里只是写了一个实例代码供看了知识点还无从下手写代码的新手作为参考。
关于RGB32的
rgb32 : low memory address —-> high memory address
| pixel | pixel | pixel | pixel | pixel | pixel |…
|——-|——-|——-|——-|——-|——-|…
|B|G|R|A|B|G|R|A|B|G|R|A|B|G|R|A|B|G|R|A|B|G|R|A|..
A表示透明度，0表示不透明，255表示透明度最高
全部代码如下：
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <errno.h> #include <linux/fb.h> #include <linux/videodev2.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h> int status = 1; //停止标志位，1开始，0停止 /* 监听线程 当启动摄像头后从键盘输入q，结束程序 */ void * listen(void * arg) { while(1) { char buf[20]; scanf("%s", buf); if(strcmp("q", buf) == 0) { status = 0; break; } usleep(10); } } /* 屏幕初始化和销毁函数 */ char * fb_init(char * devname, int * fd, int * len); void fb_destory(int fd, char * screen_bbf, int screenlen); /* 函数功能：进行图像转换，将uvc输出的yuyv格式图像转换成RGB32格式的图像 返回值：无 参数： yuv yuyv格式图像存储地址 buf RGB32格式图像存储地址 length 图像的大小（单位：字节） */ void process_image(unsigned char * yuv, unsigned char *buf, int length); /* 函数功能：向屏幕输出图像 返回值：无 参数 ： screen_bbf 内存映射后屏幕在程序中的地址 buf RGB32格式的数据地址 width 图像的宽度 height 图像的高度 */ void show_image(char * screen_bbf, char *buf, int width, int height); /* 保存摄像头内存映射后的内存地址和数据长度 */ struct buffer { char * start; unsigned int length; }; int width,height; int main(int argc, char ** argv) { /* 摄像头采集的是YUYV格式的图像， 屏幕显示需要RGB32格式的图像， 而且屏幕大小和摄像头的视野大小也不一样 这里申请一块内存作为缓冲区，存储格式转换后的数据 */ unsigned char * bbf = (unsigned char *)malloc(640*480*4); printf(" bbf address : %p\n", bbf); /**************** 设置屏幕 ****************/ int fb_fd, screenlen; char * screen_bbf = fb_init("/dev/fb0", &fb_fd, &screenlen); /*************** 开始设置摄像头 ********************/ /* 打开摄像头设备 */ int cam_fd = open("/dev/video3", O_RDWR); if (cam_fd == -1) { printf("error : %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } /* 得到描述摄像头信息的结构体 */ struct v4l2_capability cap; int rel = ioctl(cam_fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap); if ( rel == -1) { printf("error : %s\n", strerror(errno)); goto ERROR; } /* 判断改设备支不支持捕获图像和流输出功能 */ if ((cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE) == V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE) printf("it's camer!\n"); else { printf("it's not a camer!\n"); goto ERROR; } if ((cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_STREAMING) == V4L2_CAP_STREAMING) printf("it's stream device!\n"); else { printf("it's not a stream device!\n"); goto ERROR; } printf("Driver Name : %s\n\ Card Name : %s\nBus info : %s\n\ Driver Version : %u.%u.%u\n ",\ cap.driver, cap.card, cap.bus_info,\ (cap.version>>16)&0xff, (cap.version>>8)&0xff, (cap.version)&0xff); /* 得到摄像头采集图像的格式信息 */ struct v4l2_format fmt; memset(&fmt, 0, sizeof(fmt)); fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; rel = ioctl(cam_fd, VIDIOC_G_FMT, &fmt); if (rel == -1) { printf("get fmt failed!\n"); goto ERROR; } width = fmt.fmt.pix.width; height = fmt.fmt.pix.height; printf("width : %d height : %d\n\ pixelformat : %d\n\ field : %d\n\ bytesperline : %d\n\ sizeimage : %d\n\ colorspace : %d\n\ priv : %d\n",\ fmt.fmt.pix.width,\ fmt.fmt.pix.height,\ fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat,\ fmt.fmt.pix.field, \ fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline, \ fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage, \ fmt.fmt.pix.colorspace, \ fmt.fmt.pix.priv); /* 得到摄像头所支持的所有格式 */ struct v4l2_fmtdesc fmtdesc; fmtdesc.index = 0; fmtdesc.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; printf(" Support format : \n"); while (ioctl(cam_fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT, &fmtdesc) != -1) { printf("\t%d.%s\n", fmtdesc.index+1, fmtdesc.description); fmtdesc.index++; } /* 向摄像头申请一个数据帧队列 */ struct v4l2_requestbuffers req; req.count = 4; req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; rel = ioctl(cam_fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req); if(rel < 0) { printf("request buffers error : %s\n", strerror(errno)); goto ERROR; } else printf("request buffers successed!\n"); /* 申请存储图像缓冲区地址和长度的数组内存 */ struct buffer * buffers = (struct buffer *)malloc(4*sizeof(struct buffer *)); if (buffers == NULL ) { printf("malloc buffers err : %s\n", strerror(errno)); goto ERROR; } /* 将缓冲区的内存映射到用户空间 */ int n_buffers = 0; for (; n_buffers < req.count; n_buffers++) { struct v4l2_buffer buf; memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = n_buffers; if( -1 == ioctl(cam_fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf)) { //获取缓冲帧的地址 printf("set buf error : %s\n", strerror(errno)); goto ERROR; } else { printf("set buf success!\n"); } buffers[n_buffers].length = buf.length; /* 映射内存空间 */ buffers[n_buffers].start = mmap(NULL, buf.length, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, \ MAP_SHARED, cam_fd, buf.m.offset); if (NULL == buffers[n_buffers].start) { printf("mmap error : %s\n", strerror(errno)); goto MAP_ERROR; } else printf("mmap success! address = %p\n",buffers[n_buffers].start); ioctl(cam_fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf); } /* 开启视频流 */ enum v4l2_buf_type type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; if (-1 == ioctl(cam_fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type)) goto MAP_ERROR; else printf("start stream!\n"); /* 创建一个监听线程，用于停止程序 */ pthread_t pd; pthread_create(&pd, NULL, listen, NULL); /* 开始捕获摄像头数据，并显示在屏幕上 */ while(status) { /* 初始化select监听 */ fd_set fds; FD_ZERO(&fds); FD_SET(cam_fd, &fds); struct timeval tv; tv.tv_sec = 0; tv.tv_usec = 125000; int ret = select(cam_fd+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv); if (ret == -1) { printf(" error : listen failes\n"); } else if (ret == 0) { printf(" time out !\n"); } else { struct v4l2_buffer buf; memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; /* 得到一帧数据 */ if (ioctl(cam_fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf) != -1) { /* 进行格式转换 */ process_image(buffers[buf.index].start, bbf, buffers[buf.index].length); /* 显示在屏幕上 */ show_image(screen_bbf, bbf, width, height); /* 将帧放回队列 */ if (-1 != (ioctl(cam_fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))) printf(" put in success!\n"); else printf(" put in failed!\n"); } else printf(" get frame failed!\n"); } } /* 关闭视频流 */ enum v4l2_buf_type type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; ioctl(cam_fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &type)； /* 解除内存映射，关闭文件描述符，程序结束 */ int i; for (i=0; i<4; i++) { if (buffers[i].start != NULL) munmap(buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length); } close(cam_fd); fb_destory(fb_fd, screen_bbf, screenlen); free(bbf); return 0; MAP_ERROR: for (n_buffers=0; n_buffers<4; n_buffers++) { if (buffers[n_buffers].start != NULL) munmap(buffers[n_buffers].start, buffers[n_buffers].length); } ERROR: fb_destory(fb_fd, screen_bbf, screenlen); close(cam_fd); free(bbf); return -1; } /* 不知道为什么以YUVY格式转换的RGB32在屏幕上的效果比YUYV格式展开的还要好 下边程序中的是以YUVY格式展开的程序，YUYV的转换程序应该是 v0 = yuv[count*4+0]; y0 = yuv[count*4+1]; u0 = yuv[count*4+2]; y1 = yuv[count*4+3]; */ void process_image(unsigned char * yuv, unsigned char * buf, int length) { int count; int y0,u0,y1,v0; for (count=0; count<length/4; count++) { y0 = yuv[count*4+0]; u0 = yuv[count*4+1]; y1 = yuv[count*4+2]; v0 = yuv[count*4+3]; buf[count*8+0] = 1.164*(y0-16) + 2.018*(u0-128); //b buf[count*8+1] = 1.164*(y0-16) - 0.380*(u0-128) + 0.813*(v0-128); //g buf[count*8+2] = 1.164*(y0-16) + 1.159*(v0-128); //r buf[count*8+3] = 0; //透明度 buf[count*8+4] = 1.164*(y1-16) + 2.018*(u0-128); //b buf[count*8+5] = 1.164*(y1-16) - 0.380*(u0-128) + 0.813*(v0-128); //g buf[count*8+6] = 1.164*(y1-16) + 1.159*(v0-128); //r buf[count*8+7] = 0; //透明度 } } void show_image(char * screen_bbf, char * buf, int width, int height) { int i,j; for (i=0; i<height; i++) { memcpy(screen_bbf+80*4+i*800*4 ,buf+i*width*4,width*4); } } char * fb_init(char * devname, int * fd, int * screenlen) { *fd = open(devname, O_RDWR); if (*fd == -1) { printf("error : %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } struct fb_var_screeninfo fbvs; int ret = ioctl(*fd, FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO, &fbvs); if (ret == -1) { printf("get screen info failed!\n"); close(*fd); return NULL; } else { printf("screen info:\n\twidth : %d\thwight : %d\tbits_per_pixel : %d\n", \ fbvs.xres, fbvs.yres,fbvs.bits_per_pixel); } *screenlen = fbvs.xres*fbvs.yres*fbvs.bits_per_pixel/8; char *screen_bbf = (char *)mmap(NULL, *screenlen, PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, *fd,0); if (screen_bbf == NULL) { printf("screen mmap failed!\n"); close(*fd); return NULL; } else { return screen_bbf; } } void fb_destory(int fd, char * screen_bbf, int screenlen) { munmap(screen_bbf, screenlen); close(fd); }效果图如下：
