详解从Vue.js源码看异步更新DOM策略及nextTick(2)

/**
 * Defer a task to execute it asynchronously.
 */
 /*
 延迟一个任务使其异步执行，在下一个tick时执行，一个立即执行函数，返回一个function
 这个函数的作用是在task或者microtask中推入一个timerFunc，在当前调用栈执行完以后以此执行直到执行到timerFunc
 目的是延迟到当前调用栈执行完以后执行
*/
export const nextTick = (function () {
 /*存放异步执行的回调*/
 const callbacks = []
 /*一个标记位，如果已经有timerFunc被推送到任务队列中去则不需要重复推送*/
 let pending = false
 /*一个函数指针，指向函数将被推送到任务队列中，等到主线程任务执行完时，任务队列中的timerFunc被调用*/
 let timerFunc

 /*下一个tick时的回调*/
 function nextTickHandler () {
 /*一个标记位，标记等待状态（即函数已经被推入任务队列或者主线程，已经在等待当前栈执行完毕去执行），这样就不需要在push多个回调到callbacks时将timerFunc多次推入任务队列或者主线程*/
 pending = false
 /*执行所有callback*/
 const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
 callbacks.length = 0
 for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
  copies[i]()
 }
 }

 // the nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed
 // via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver.
 // MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in
 // UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It
 // completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native
 // Promise is available, we will use it:
 /* istanbul ignore if */

 /*
 这里解释一下，一共有Promise、MutationObserver以及setTimeout三种尝试得到timerFunc的方法
 优先使用Promise，在Promise不存在的情况下使用MutationObserver，这两个方法都会在microtask中执行，会比setTimeout更早执行，所以优先使用。
 如果上述两种方法都不支持的环境则会使用setTimeout，在task尾部推入这个函数，等待调用执行。
 */
 if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
 /*使用Promise*/
 var p = Promise.resolve()
 var logError = err => { console.error(err) }
 timerFunc = () => {
  p.then(nextTickHandler).catch(logError)
  // in problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
  // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
  // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
  // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
  // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
  if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop)
 }
 } else if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
 isNative(MutationObserver) ||
 // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
 MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
 )) {
 // use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
 // e.g. PhantomJS IE11, iOS7, Android 4.4
 /*新建一个textNode的DOM对象，用MutationObserver绑定该DOM并指定回调函数，在DOM变化的时候则会触发回调,该回调会进入主线程（比任务队列优先执行），即textNode.data = String(counter)时便会触发回调*/
 var counter = 1
 var observer = new MutationObserver(nextTickHandler)
 var textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
 observer.observe(textNode, {
  characterData: true
 })
 timerFunc = () => {
  counter = (counter + 1) % 2
  textNode.data = String(counter)
 }
 } else {
 // fallback to setTimeout
 /* istanbul ignore next */
 /*使用setTimeout将回调推入任务队列尾部*/
 timerFunc = () => {
  setTimeout(nextTickHandler, 0)
 }
 }

 /*
 推送到队列中下一个tick时执行
 cb 回调函数
 ctx 上下文
 */
 return function queueNextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
 let _resolve
 /*cb存到callbacks中*/
 callbacks.push(() => {
  if (cb) {
  try {
   cb.call(ctx)
  } catch (e) {
   handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick')
  }
  } else if (_resolve) {
  _resolve(ctx)
  }
 })
 if (!pending) {
  pending = true
  timerFunc()
 }
 if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  _resolve = resolve
  })
 }
 }
})()