CentOS-5.5-x86_64+Nginx+php（Fast-cgi）+MySQL+memcache+eaccelerator生产环境中的安装
说明：本篇文章和这篇使用RedHat 系统上做的有很多类似的地方（见），包括软件，只是在做的时候遇到的不同问题以及各个问题的解决，是本篇文章的最重要的地方！
实验环境：
系统：CentOS-5.5-x86_64
# uname -a
Linux centos 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Fri Apr 2 14:58:35 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
# uname -n
centos
# uname -r
2.6.18-194.el5
一、从软件的官方网站下载软件包：
[root@centos ~]#mkdir -p lnmp
[root@centos ~]#cd lnmp
wget
wget
wget
wget
wget
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget
wget
wget
wget
wget
二、安装PHP 5.2.14（FastCGI模式）
1、编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
yum install gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 autoconf automake flex bison bzip2-devel zlib-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel
-y
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
做必要库的链接
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
安装mysql
mkdir -pv /mydata/data
tar xf mysql-5.1.46-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 3306 mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql -u 3306 -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
/bin/chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/
/bin/ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.1.46-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R root:mysql .
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
/sbin/ldconfig
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
echo "MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man" >> /etc/man.conf
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
service mysqld restart
cd /root/lnmp/
2、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/
yum install libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel curl curl-devel openldap openldap-client openldap-devel openldap-servers libtool-ltdl-devel ibtool-ltdl -y
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \ //指定安装的位置
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \ //指定配置文件的位置
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \ //指定mysql的位置
--with--mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/ \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local \ //指定iconv的位置
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \ //支持jpeg
--with-png-dir \ //支持png
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-discard-path \
--enable-safe-mode \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--with-curlwrappers \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fastcgi \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-force-cgi-redirect \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-mcrypt \ //支持加密
--with-gd \ //支持gd库，也可以使用imagick
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \ //支持ssl
--with-mhash \ //支持hash算法
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-ldap \
--with-ldap-sasl \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-zip \
--enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
3、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.6.5-8/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
4、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
再查找 ; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，即取消注释，使生效，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。
自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension =
"memcache.so"\nextension ="pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.lamphelp.org和两个��拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value>0</value>改为<value>1</value>，
以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<section>
Pid file
<value>/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error log file
<value>/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log level
<value>notice</value>
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
<value>10</value>
... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
<value>1m</value>
Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
<value>5s</value>
Set to 'no' to debug fpm
<value>yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section>
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<value>default</value>
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
<value>127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value>
Set listen(2) backlog
<value>-1</value>
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
<value></value>
<value></value>
<value>0666</value>
</value>
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
<value>
<value>/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value>0</value>
</value>
Unix user of processes
<value>www</value>
Unix group of processes
<value>www</value>
Process manager settings
<value>
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
<value>static</value>
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
<value>128</value>
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
<value>
Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value>20</value>
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value>5</value>
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value>35</value>
</value>
</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
<value>0s</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<value>0s</value>
The log file for slow requests
<value>logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file desc rlimit
<value>65535</value>
Set max core size rlimit
<value>0</value>
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value></value>
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
<value>yes</value>
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<value>1024</value>
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<value>127.0.0.1</value>
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
<value>
<value>$HOSTNAME</value>
<value>/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value>/tmp</value>
<value>/tmp</value>
<value>/tmp</value>
<value>$OSTYPE</value>
<value>$MACHTYPE</value>
<value>2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。