1)newCachedThreadPool
创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。示例代码如下:
package test; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { final int index = i; try { Thread.sleep(index * 1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println(index); } }); } } }
线程池为无限大,当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成,会复用执行第一个任务的线程,而不用每次新建线程。
2)newFixedThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。示例代码如下:
package test; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { final int index = i; fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { System.out.println(index); Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } } }
因为线程池大小为3,每个任务输出index后sleep 2秒,所以每两秒打印3个数字。
定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
3)newScheduledThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。延迟执行示例代码如下:
package test; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5); scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println("delay 3 seconds"); } }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } }
表示延迟3秒执行。
定期执行示例代码如下:
package test; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5); scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds"); } }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } }
表示延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次。
4)newSingleThreadExecutor
创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。示例代码如下:
package test; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { final int index = i; singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { System.out.println(index); Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } } }
结果依次输出,相当于顺序执行各个任务。
注意:以上的execute()方法可以替换为submit()方法,执行的结果是一样的。
四、submit()和execute()的区别
JDK5往后,任务分两类:一类是实现了Runnable接口的类,一类是实现了Callable接口的类。两者都可以被ExecutorService执行,它们的区别是:
execute(Runnable x) 没有返回值。可以执行任务,但无法判断任务是否成功完成。——实现Runnable接口
submit(Runnable x) 返回一个future。可以用这个future来判断任务是否成功完成。——实现Callable接口