The first command line above makes a hot backup of a MySQL database.
By default it creates a backup directory (named by the current date
and time) in the given backup root directory. With the --no-timestamp
option it does not create a time-stamped backup directory, but it puts
the backup in the given directory (which must not exist). This
command makes a complete backup of all MyISAM and InnoDB tables and
indexes in all databases or in all of the databases specified with the
--databases option. The created backup contains .frm, .MRG, .MYD,
.MYI, .MAD, .MAI, .TRG, .TRN, .ARM, .ARZ, .CSM, CSV, .opt, .par, and
InnoDB data and log files. The MY.CNF options file defines the
location of the database. This command connects to the MySQL server
using the mysql client program, and runs xtrabackup as a child
process.
The --apply-log command prepares a backup for starting a MySQL
server on the backup. This command recovers InnoDB data files as specified
in BACKUP-DIR/backup-my.cnf using BACKUP-DIR/xtrabackup_logfile,
and creates new InnoDB log files as specified in BACKUP-DIR/backup-my.cnf.
The BACKUP-DIR should be the path to a backup directory created by
xtrabackup. This command runs xtrabackup as a child process, but it does not
connect to the database server.
The --copy-back command copies data, index, and log files
from the backup directory back to their original locations.
The MY.CNF options file defines the original location of the database.
The BACKUP-DIR is the path to a backup directory created by xtrabackup.
The --move-back command is similar to --copy-back with the only difference that
it moves files to their original locations rather than copies them. As this
option removes backup files, it must be used with caution. It may be useful in
cases when there is not enough free disk space to copy files.
The --decompress --decrypt command will decrypt and/or decompress a backup made
with the --compress and/or --encrypt options. When decrypting, the encryption
algorithm and key used when the backup was taken MUST be provided via the
specified options. --decrypt and --decompress may be used together at the same
time to completely normalize a previously compressed and encrypted backup. The
--parallel option will allow multiple files to be decrypted and/or decompressed
simultaneously. In order to decompress, the qpress utility MUST be installed
and accessable within the path. This process will remove the original
compressed/encrypted files and leave the results in the same location.
On success the exit code innobackupex is 0. A non-zero exit code
indicates an error.
Usage: [innobackupex [--defaults-file=#] --backup | innobackupex [--defaults-file=#] --prepare] [OPTIONS]
-v, --version print xtrabackup version information
-?, --help This option displays a help screen and exits.
--apply-log Prepare a backup in BACKUP-DIR by applying the
transaction log file named "xtrabackup_logfile" located
in the same directory. Also, create new transaction logs.
The InnoDB configuration is read from the file
"backup-my.cnf".
--redo-only This option should be used when preparing the base full
backup and when merging all incrementals except the last
one. This forces xtrabackup to skip the "rollback" phase
and do a "redo" only. This is necessary if the backup
will have incremental changes applied to it later. See
the xtrabackup documentation for details.
--copy-back Copy all the files in a previously made backup from the
backup directory to their original locations.
--move-back Move all the files in a previously made backup from the
backup directory to the actual datadir location. Use with
caution, as it removes backup files.
--galera-info This options creates the xtrabackup_galera_info file
which contains the local node state at the time of the
backup. Option should be used when performing the backup
of Percona-XtraDB-Cluster. Has no effect when backup
locks are used to create the backup.
--slave-info This option is useful when backing up a replication slave
server. It prints the binary log position and name of the
master server. It also writes this information to the
"xtrabackup_slave_info" file as a "CHANGE MASTER"
command. A new slave for this master can be set up by
starting a slave server on this backup and issuing a
"CHANGE MASTER" command with the binary log position
saved in the "xtrabackup_slave_info" file.
--incremental This option tells xtrabackup to create an incremental
backup, rather than a full one. It is passed to the
xtrabackup child process. When this option is specified,
either --incremental-lsn or --incremental-basedir can
also be given. If neither option is given, option
--incremental-basedir is passed to xtrabackup by default,
set to the first timestamped backup directory in the
backup base directory.
--no-lock Use this option to disable table lock with "FLUSH TABLES
WITH READ LOCK". Use it only if ALL your tables are
InnoDB and you DO NOT CARE about the binary log position
of the backup. This option shouldn't be used if there are
any DDL statements being executed or if any updates are
happening on non-InnoDB tables (this includes the system
MyISAM tables in the mysql database), otherwise it could
lead to an inconsistent backup. If you are considering to
use --no-lock because your backups are failing to acquire
the lock, this could be because of incoming replication
events preventing the lock from succeeding. Please try
using --safe-slave-backup to momentarily stop the
replication slave thread, this may help the backup to
succeed and you then don't need to resort to using this
option.
--safe-slave-backup Stop slave SQL thread and wait to start backup until
Slave_open_temp_tables in "SHOW STATUS" is zero. If there
are no open temporary tables, the backup will take place,
otherwise the SQL thread will be started and stopped
until there are no open temporary tables. The backup will
fail if Slave_open_temp_tables does not become zero after
--safe-slave-backup-timeout seconds. The slave SQL thread
will be restarted when the backup finishes.
--rsync Uses the rsync utility to optimize local file transfers.
When this option is specified, innobackupex uses rsync to
copy all non-InnoDB files instead of spawning a separate
cp for each file, which can be much faster for servers
with a large number of databases or tables. This option
cannot be used together with --stream.
--force-non-empty-directories
This option, when specified, makes --copy-back or
--move-back transfer files to non-empty directories. Note
that no existing files will be overwritten. If
--copy-back or --nove-back has to copy a file from the
backup directory which already exists in the destination
directory, it will still fail with an error.
--no-timestamp This option prevents creation of a time-stamped
subdirectory of the BACKUP-ROOT-DIR given on the command
line. When it is specified, the backup is done in
BACKUP-ROOT-DIR instead.
--no-version-check This option disables the version check which is enabled
by the --version-check option.
--no-backup-locks This option controls if backup locks should be used
instead of FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK on the backup
stage. The option has no effect when backup locks are not
supported by the server. This option is enabled by
default, disable with --no-backup-locks.
--decompress Decompresses all files with the .qp extension in a backup
previously made with the --compress option.
--user=name This option specifies the MySQL username used when
connecting to the server, if that's not the current user.
The option accepts a string argument. See mysql --help
for details.
--host=name This option specifies the host to use when connecting to
the database server with TCP/IP. The option accepts a
string argument. See mysql --help for details.
--port=# This option specifies the port to use when connecting to
the database server with TCP/IP. The option accepts a
string argument. See mysql --help for details.
--password=name This option specifies the password to use when connecting
to the database. It accepts a string argument. See mysql
--help for details.
--socket=name This option specifies the socket to use when connecting
to the local database server with a UNIX domain socket.
The option accepts a string argument. See mysql --help
for details.
--incremental-history-name=name
This option specifies the name of the backup series
stored in the PERCONA_SCHEMA.xtrabackup_history history
record to base an incremental backup on. Xtrabackup will
search the history table looking for the most recent
(highest innodb_to_lsn), successful backup in the series
and take the to_lsn value to use as the starting lsn for
the incremental backup. This will be mutually exclusive
with --incremental-history-uuid, --incremental-basedir
and --incremental-lsn. If no valid lsn can be found (no
series by that name, no successful backups by that name)
xtrabackup will return with an error. It is used with the
--incremental option.
--incremental-history-uuid=name
This option specifies the UUID of the specific history
record stored in the PERCONA_SCHEMA.xtrabackup_history to
base an incremental backup on.
--incremental-history-name, --incremental-basedir and
--incremental-lsn. If no valid lsn can be found (no
success record with that uuid) xtrabackup will return
with an error. It is used with the --incremental option.
--decrypt=name Decrypts all files with the .xbcrypt extension in a
backup previously made with --encrypt option.
--ftwrl-wait-query-type=name
This option specifies which types of queries are allowed
to complete before innobackupex will issue the global
lock. Default is all.
--kill-long-query-type=name
This option specifies which types of queries should be
killed to unblock the global lock. Default is "all".
--history[=name] This option enables the tracking of backup history in the
PERCONA_SCHEMA.xtrabackup_history table. An optional
history series name may be specified that will be placed
with the history record for the current backup being
taken.
--include=name This option is a regular expression to be matched against
table names in databasename.tablename format. It is
passed directly to xtrabackup's --tables option. See the
xtrabackup documentation for details.
--databases=name This option specifies the list of databases that
innobackupex should back up. The option accepts a string
argument or path to file that contains the list of
databases to back up. The list is of the form
"databasename1[.table_name1] databasename2[.table_name2]
. . .". If this option is not specified, all databases
containing MyISAM and InnoDB tables will be backed up.
Please make sure that --databases contains all of the
InnoDB databases and tables, so that all of the
innodb.frm files are also backed up. In case the list is
very long, this can be specified in a file, and the full
path of the file can be specified instead of the list.
(See option --tables-file.)
--kill-long-queries-timeout=#
This option specifies the number of seconds innobackupex
waits between starting FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK and
killing those queries that block it. Default is 0
seconds, which means innobackupex will not attempt to
kill any queries.
--ftwrl-wait-timeout=#
This option specifies time in seconds that innobackupex
should wait for queries that would block FTWRL before
running it. If there are still such queries when the
timeout expires, innobackupex terminates with an error.
Default is 0, in which case innobackupex does not wait
for queries to complete and starts FTWRL immediately.
--ftwrl-wait-threshold=#
This option specifies the query run time threshold which
is used by innobackupex to detect long-running queries
with a non-zero value of --ftwrl-wait-timeout. FTWRL is
not started until such long-running queries exist. This
option has no effect if --ftwrl-wait-timeout is 0.
Default value is 60 seconds.
--debug-sleep-before-unlock=#
This is a debug-only option used by the XtraBackup test
suite.
--safe-slave-backup-timeout=#
How many seconds --safe-slave-backup should wait for
Slave_open_temp_tables to become zero. (default 300)
--close-files Do not keep files opened. This option is passed directly
to xtrabackup. Use at your own risk.
--compact Create a compact backup with all secondary index pages
omitted. This option is passed directly to xtrabackup.
See xtrabackup documentation for details.
--compress[=name] This option instructs xtrabackup to compress backup
copies of InnoDB data files. It is passed directly to the
xtrabackup child process. Try 'xtrabackup --help' for
more details.
--compress-threads=#
This option specifies the number of worker threads that
will be used for parallel compression. It is passed
directly to the xtrabackup child process. Try 'xtrabackup
--help' for more details.
--compress-chunk-size=#
Size of working buffer(s) for compression threads in
bytes. The default value is 64K.
--encrypt=name This option instructs xtrabackup to encrypt backup copies
of InnoDB data files using the algorithm specified in the
ENCRYPTION-ALGORITHM. It is passed directly to the
xtrabackup child process. Try 'xtrabackup --help' for
more details.
--encrypt-key=name This option instructs xtrabackup to use the given
ENCRYPTION-KEY when using the --encrypt or --decrypt
options. During backup it is passed directly to the
xtrabackup child process. Try 'xtrabackup --help' for
more details.
--encrypt-key-file=name
This option instructs xtrabackup to use the encryption
key stored in the given ENCRYPTION-KEY-FILE when using
the --encrypt or --decrypt options.
--encrypt-threads=# This option specifies the number of worker threads that
will be used for parallel encryption. It is passed
directly to the xtrabackup child process. Try 'xtrabackup
--help' for more details.
--encrypt-chunk-size=#
This option specifies the size of the internal working
buffer for each encryption thread, measured in bytes. It
is passed directly to the xtrabackup child process. Try
'xtrabackup --help' for more details.
--export This option is passed directly to xtrabackup's --export
option. It enables exporting individual tables for import
into another server. See the xtrabackup documentation for
details.
--extra-lsndir=name This option specifies the directory in which to save an
extra copy of the "xtrabackup_checkpoints" file. The
option accepts a string argument. It is passed directly
to xtrabackup's --extra-lsndir option. See the xtrabackup
documentation for details.
--incremental-basedir=name
This option specifies the directory containing the full
backup that is the base dataset for the incremental
backup. The option accepts a string argument. It is used
with the --incremental option.
--incremental-dir=name
This option specifies the directory where the incremental
backup will be combined with the full backup to make a
new full backup. The option accepts a string argument.
It is used with the --incremental option.
--incremental-force-scan
This options tells xtrabackup to perform full scan of
data files for taking an incremental backup even if full
changed page bitmap data is available to enable the
backup without the full scan.
--log-copy-interval=#
This option specifies time interval between checks done
by log copying thread in milliseconds.
--incremental-lsn=name
This option specifies the log sequence number (LSN) to
use for the incremental backup. The option accepts a
string argument. It is used with the --incremental
option. It is used instead of specifying
--incremental-basedir. For databases created by MySQL and
Percona Server 5.0-series versions, specify the LSN as
two 32-bit integers in high:low format. For databases
created in 5.1 and later, specify the LSN as a single
64-bit integer.
--parallel=# On backup, this option specifies the number of threads
the xtrabackup child process should use to back up files
concurrently. The option accepts an integer argument. It
is passed directly to xtrabackup's --parallel option. See
the xtrabackup documentation for details.
--rebuild-indexes This option only has effect when used together with the
--apply-log option and is passed directly to xtrabackup.
When used, makes xtrabackup rebuild all secondary indexes
after applying the log. This option is normally used to
prepare compact backups. See the XtraBackup manual for
more information.
--rebuild-threads=# Use this number of threads to rebuild indexes in a
compact backup. Only has effect with --prepare and
--rebuild-indexes.
--stream=name This option specifies the format in which to do the
streamed backup. The option accepts a string argument.
The backup will be done to STDOUT in the specified
format. Currently, the only supported formats are tar and
xbstream. This option is passed directly to xtrabackup's
--stream option.
--tables-file=name This option specifies the file in which there are a list
of names of the form database. The option accepts a
string argument.table, one per line. The option is passed
directly to xtrabackup's --tables-file option.
--throttle=# This option specifies a number of I/O operations (pairs
of read+write) per second. It accepts an integer
argument. It is passed directly to xtrabackup's
--throttle option.
-t, --tmpdir=name This option specifies the location where a temporary
files will be stored. If the option is not specified, the
default is to use the value of tmpdir read from the
server configuration.
--use-memory=# This option accepts a string argument that specifies the
amount of memory in bytes for xtrabackup to use for crash
recovery while preparing a backup. Multiples are
supported providing the unit (e.g. 1MB, 1GB). It is used
only with the option --apply-log. It is passed directly
to xtrabackup's --use-memory option. See the xtrabackup
documentation for details.
[root@localhost ~]#
3. 使用 innobackupex 备份
3.1 全备