MySQL 5.7使用or是否会用到索引并提高查询效率的理

相信很多人在MySQL中看到了where条件中使用到了or就会以为这样是不会走索引的,通常会使用union all或者in 来进行优化,事实并不是想象的这样具体问题具体分析。

下面我们来看看

首先我们用sysbench生成两个100w行的表

表结构如下

mysql> show create table sbtest1 \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
      Table: sbtest1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `sbtest1` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `k` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `c` char(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `pad` char(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `k_1` (`k`),
  KEY `c_1` (`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1000001 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

mysql> show create table sbtest2 \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
      Table: sbtest2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `sbtest2` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `k` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `c` char(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `pad` char(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `k_2` (`k`),
  KEY `c_2` (`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1000001 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

1.首先我们使用同一列带索引字段的进行查询。

mysql> explain select * from sbtest1 where k='501462' or k='502480'; 
+----+-------------+---------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table  | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | sbtest1 | NULL      | range | k_1          | k_1  | 4      | NULL |  214 |  100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+

从执行计划中看出这样是可以使用到索引的,另外我们使用in 或者union all来看。

mysql> explain select pad from sbtest1 where k in ('501462','502480');
+----+-------------+---------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table  | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | sbtest1 | NULL      | range | k_1          | k_1  | 4      | NULL |  214 |  100.00 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+

in的执行计划和or相同。

mysql>  explain select pad from sbtest1 where k='501462' union all select pad from sbtest1 where k='502480';
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table  | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | PRIMARY    | sbtest1 | NULL      | ref  | k_1          | k_1  | 4      | const |  113 |  100.00 | NULL  |
|  2 | UNION      | sbtest1 | NULL      | ref  | k_1          | k_1  | 4      | const |  101 |  100.00 | NULL  |

虽然执行计划不通但union all估计的查询行数和上面相同。

2.我们再来看看不同列带索引字段的进行查询

mysql> explain select pad from sbtest1 where  k='501462' or c='68487932199-96439406143-93774651418-41631865787-96406072701-20604855487-25459966574-28203206787-41238978918-19503783441';
+----+-------------+---------+------------+-------------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table  | partitions | type        | possible_keys | key    | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra                            |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+-------------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | sbtest1 | NULL      | index_merge | k_1,c_1      | k_1,c_1 | 4,120  | NULL |  114 |  100.00 | Using union(k_1,c_1); Using where |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+-------------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------------------

这样的情况也会使用索引

如果or的条件中有个条件不带索引的话,那这条sql就不会使用到索引了,如下。

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