Linux下MySQL多实例的安装部署

MySQL多实例介绍

 

什么是MySQL多实例

 

MySQL多实例就是在一台机器上开启多个不同的服务端口(如:3306,3307),运行多个MySQL服务进程,通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务:

 

MySQL多实例的特点有以下几点

 

1:有效利用服务器资源,当单个服务器资源有剩余时,可以充分利用剩余的资源提供更多的服务。

2:节约服务器资源

3:资源互相抢占问题,当某个服务实例服务并发很高时或者开启慢查询时,会消耗更多的内存、CPU、磁盘IO资源,导致服务器上的其他实例提供服务的质量下降;

 

部署mysql多实例的两种方式

第一种是使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例,这种方式的优势逻辑简单,配置简单,缺点是管理起来不太方便;

第二种是通过官方自带的mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例,这种方式定制每个实例的配置不太方面,优点是管理起来很方便,集中管理;

 

同一开发环境下安装两个数据库,必须处理以下问题

配置文件安装路径不能相同

数据库目录不能相同

启动脚本不能同名

端口不能相同

socket文件的生成路径不能相同

Step 1 . 准备工作

关闭防火墙; 安装 MySQL依赖于libaio 库下载,解压,重命名 MySQL的执行文件;新建用户组和用户 等准备工作在此不再赘述。

可执行文件目录为 /data/mysql57

添加用户和组的指令

groupadd mysql

useradd mysql -g mysql

Step 2 .  添加环境变量

在/etc/profile文件中,追加 PATH=${PATH}:/data/mysql57/bin/

保存后,如需要立即生效,可执行 source /etc/profile 。

step 3 . 创建目录并授权

在data根目录下执行

mkdir -p mysql3306/data mysql3306/mysql_log mysql3306/tmp mysql3307/data mysql3307/mysql_log mysql3307/tmp mysqld_multi/log

创建记录log的文件,此步骤不可少。

touch /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.err touch /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.err

赋予目录和文件权限

chown -R mysql.mysql mysql3* mysqld_multi

在本测试案例中,mysql57是从其它服务上copy来的,不是直接下载解压的,所以多了下面的两步授权操作。

chmod -R 755 /data/mysql57/bin

chmod -R 755 /data/mysql57/support-files

step 4 . 编辑my.cnf

[client]
host
=localhost
socket
= /tmp/mysql.sock
default
-character-set=utf8mb4
#loose
-local-infile=0

[mysqld]
user
=mysql
log_bin_trust_function_creators
=1
secure_file_priv
='/tmp'

########server setting#######
sql_mode
= "ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
character
-set-server=utf8mb4
collation_server
=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
lower_case_table_names
= 0
skip_name_resolve
= 1
#max_connect_errors
= 1000
max_connections
= 2000
thread_cache_size
=256
#thread_stack
= 262144
#back_log
=80
max_allowed_packet
= 134217728
event_scheduler
= 1
local
-infile=0
#lower_case_table_names
= 1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
= 1
expire_logs_days
= 7
log_bin_trust_function_creators
=1

####.frm
/.ibd files qty related
open_files_limit
=65535
innodb_open_files
=65535
table_open_cache
=65535
table_definition_cache
=65535

#### seesion buffer related
read_buffer_size
= 262144
read_rnd_buffer_size
= 524288
sort_buffer_size
= 8388608
join_buffer_size
= 8388608

####memory table size
tmp_table_size
=67108864
max_heap_table_size
=67108864

####timeout
interactive_timeout
= 1800
wait_timeout
= 1800
# connect_timeout
=10

########slow query ########
slow_query_log
= 1
log_slow_slave_statements
= 1
#log_queries_not_using_indexes
= 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes
= 10
long_query_time
= 1
#min_examined_row_limit
= 10000

########innodb settings########
innodb_buffer_pool_size
= 10737418240
innodb_buffer_pool_instances
= 16
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct
= 40
innodb_lru_scan_depth
= 2048
innodb_page_cleaners
= 16
#innodb_purge_threads
= 4
innodb_sort_buffer_size
= 67108864
#innodb_file_per_table
= 1
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
= 1

innodb_undo_log_truncate
= 1
innodb_undo_tablespaces
= 3
innodb_max_undo_log_size
= 2147483648
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency
= 128

innodb_log_file_size
= 1073741824
innodb_log_files_in_group
= 3
innodb_log_buffer_size
= 16777216
innodb_flush_method
= O_DIRECT
innodb_flush_neighbors
= 0
innodb_print_all_deadlocks
= 1

innodb_strict_mode
= 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout
= 50

innodb_io_capacity
= 32768
innodb_io_capacity_max
= 65536
innodb_thread_concurrency
= 32
innodb_write_io_threads
= 8
innodb_read_io_threads
= 8

########replication settings########
master_info_repository
= TABLE
relay_log_info_repository
= TABLE

gtid_mode
= on
enforce_gtid_consistency
= 1
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery
=1
relay_log_recovery
= 1

slave
-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave
-parallel-workers = 16
slave_transaction_retries
=128
slave_preserve_commit_order
=1

log_slave_updates
=1
binlog_format
= ROW
log_timestamps
=system

binlog_rows_query_log_events
= 1
binlog_row_image
='full'
slave_skip_errors
= ddl_exist_errors

########semi
sync replication settings########
##plugin_dir
=/data/mysql/plugin/
#plugin_load
= "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
#rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled
= 1
#rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout
= 5000
#rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled
= 1

[mysqld_multi]
mysqld
= /data/mysql57/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin
= /data/mysql57/bin/mysqladmin
log
= /data/mysqld_multi/log/mysqld_multi.log

[mysqld3306] 
basedir
= /data/mysql57
mysqladmin
=mysqladmin
datadir
=/data/mysql3306/data
port
=3306 
server_id
=102473306
socket
= /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
tmpdir
= /data/mysql3306/tmp
pid
-file = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.pid
slow_query_log_file
= /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306_slow_new.log 
log
-error = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.err
general_log_file
= /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.genlog
log
-bin = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306_bin
relay_log
= /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/relay3306.log

innodb_buffer_pool_size
= 90G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances
= 8

[mysqld3307]
basedir
= /data/mysql57
mysqladmin
=mysqladmin
datadir
=/data/mysql3307/data
port
=3307
server_id
=102473307
socket
= /tmp/mysql_3307.sock
tmpdir
= /data/mysql3307/tmp
pid
-file = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.pid
slow_query_log_file
= /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307_slow_new.log
log
-error = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.err
general_log_file
= /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.genlog
log
-bin = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307_bin
relay_log
= /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/relay3307.log

innodb_buffer_pool_size
= 90G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances
= 8

[mysqldump]
quick

step 5 . 初始化实例

初始化3306端口的实例,注意产生的临时密码。

/data/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql3306/data

初始化3307端口的实例,注意产生的临时密码。

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