生产上有时会用到数据文件的迁移，下边示例几种Oracle数据文件的迁移方法。
数据库版本
sys@ORCL>select * from v$version;
select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE11.2.0.4.0Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
sys@ORCL>select name from v$datafile;
select name from v$datafile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_svctbl.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_ias_opss.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_iau.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_veridata_user.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_mds.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_wlsservices.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_iau.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_ias_opss.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_oggmon.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV2_ias_opss.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_UMS.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_svctbl.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV2_oggmon.dbf
/home/oracle/tt.bdf
/home/oracle/undo02.dbf
19 rows selected.
一、关闭数据库修改
1、使用mv方式(适用于文件系统)
sys@ORCL>shutdown immediate;
shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
sys@ORCL>! mv /home/oracle/tt.bdf /home/oracle/tt_mv.dbf
! mv /home/oracle/tt.bdf /home/oracle/tt_mv.dbf
l /home/oracle/tt_! ls -l /home/oracle/tt_mv.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1073750016 Oct 29 08:31 /home/oracle/tt_mv.dbf
sys@ORCL>startup mount;
startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes
Fixed Size 2257352 bytes
Variable Size 478154296 bytes
Database Buffers 297795584 bytes
Redo Buffers 6791168 bytes
Database mounted.
sys@ORCL>alter database rename file '/home/oracle/tt.bdf' to '/home/oracle/tt_mv.dbf';
alter database rename file '/home/oracle/tt.bdf' to '/home/oracle/tt_mv.dbf';
Database altered.
sys@ORCL>select name from v$datafile;
select name from v$datafile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_svctbl.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_ias_opss.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_iau.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_veridata_user.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_mds.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_wlsservices.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_iau.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_ias_opss.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_oggmon.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV2_ias_opss.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_UMS.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_svctbl.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV2_oggmon.dbf
/home/oracle/tt_mv.dbf
/home/oracle/undo02.dbf
19 rows selected.
sys@ORCL>alter database open;
alter database open;
Database altered.
2、RMAN备份方式(适用于文件系统、祼设备、ASM)
sys@ORCL>shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
sys@ORCL>exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Oct 29 21:13:36 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup mount;
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes
Fixed Size 2257352 bytes
Variable Size 478154296 bytes
Database Buffers 297795584 bytes
Redo Buffers 6791168 bytes
RMAN> backup as copy datafile '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf' format '/dev/raw/raw1';
Starting backup at 29-OCT-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=133 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
output file name=/dev/raw/raw1 tag=TAG20161029T211402 RECID=2 STAMP=926543658
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 29-OCT-16
RMAN> switch datafile '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf' to copy;
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy "/dev/raw/raw1"
RMAN> alter database open;
database opened
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ ss
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sat Oct 29 21:15:03 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
sys@ORCL>select name from v$datafile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/dev/raw/raw1
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_svctbl.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_ias_opss.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_iau.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV_veridata_user.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_mds.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_wlsservices.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_iau.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_ias_opss.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_oggmon.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV2_ias_opss.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_UMS.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV3_svctbl.dbf
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DEV2_oggmon.dbf
/home/oracle/tt_mv3.dbf
/home/oracle/undo02.dbf
19 rows selected.
二、在线修改
1、表空间OFFLINE方式