深入浅析JSONAPI在PHP中的应用

现在服务端程序员的主要工作已经不再是套模版,而是编写基于 JSON 的 API 接口。可惜大家编写接口的风格往往迥异,这就给系统集成带来了很多不必要的沟通成本,如果你有类似的困扰,那么不妨关注一下 JSONAPI ,它是一个基于 JSON 构建 API 的规范标准,一个简单的 API 接口大致如下所示:

JSONAPI

简单说明一下:根节点中的 data 用来放置主对象的内容,其中 type 和 id 是必须要有的字段,用来表示主对象的类型和标识,其它简单的属性统统放置到 attributes 里,如果主对象存在一对一、一对多等关联对象,那么放置到 relationships 里,不过只是通过 type 和 id 字段放置一个链接,关联对象的实际内容统统放置在根接点中的 included 里。

有了 JSONAPI,数据解析的过程变得规范起来,节省了不必要的沟通成本。不过如果要手动构建 JSONAPI 数据还是很麻烦的,好在通过使用 Fractal 可以让实现过程相对自动化一些,上面的例子如果用 Fractal 实现大概是这个样子:

<?php
use League\Fractal\Manager;
use League\Fractal\Resource\Collection;
$articles = [
  [
    'id' => 1,
    'title' => 'JSON API paints my bikeshed!',
    'body' => 'The shortest article. Ever.',
    'author' => [
      'id' => 42,
      'name' => 'John',
    ],
  ],
];
$manager = new Manager();
$resource = new Collection($articles, new ArticleTransformer());
$manager->parseIncludes('author');
$manager->createData($resource)->toArray();
?>

如果让我选最喜爱的 PHP 工具包,Fractal 一定榜上有名,它隐藏了实现细节,让使用者完全不必了解 JSONAPI 协议即可上手。不过如果你想在自己的项目里使用的话,与直接使用 Fractal 相比,可以试试 Fractalistic ,它对 Fractal 进行了封装,使其更好用:

<?php
Fractal::create()
  ->collection($articles)
  ->transformWith(new ArticleTransformer())
  ->includeAuthor()
  ->toArray();
?>

如果你是裸写 PHP 的话,那么 Fractalistic 基本就是最佳选择了,不过如果你使用了一些全栈框架的话,那么 Fractalistic 可能还不够优雅,因为它无法和框架本身已有的功能更完美的融合,以 Lavaral 为例,它本身内置了一个 API Resources 功能,在此基础上我实现了一个 JsonApiSerializer,可以和框架完美融合,代码如下:

<?php
namespace App\Http\Serializers;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\MissingValue;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\Resource;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\ResourceCollection;
use Illuminate\Pagination\AbstractPaginator;
class JsonApiSerializer implements \JsonSerializable
{
  protected $resource;
  protected $resourceValue;
  protected $data = [];
  protected static $included = [];
  public function __construct($resource, $resourceValue)
  {
    $this->resource = $resource;
    $this->resourceValue = $resourceValue;
  }
  public function jsonSerialize()
  {
    foreach ($this->resourceValue as $key => $value) {
      if ($value instanceof Resource) {
        $this->serializeResource($key, $value);
      } else {
        $this->serializeNonResource($key, $value);
      }
    }
    if (!$this->isRootResource()) {
      return $this->data;
    }
    $result = [
      'data' => $this->data,
    ];
    if (static::$included) {
      $result['included'] = static::$included;
    }
    if (!$this->resource->resource instanceof AbstractPaginator) {
      return $result;
    }
    $paginated = $this->resource->resource->toArray();
    $result['links'] = $this->links($paginated);
    $result['meta'] = $this->meta($paginated);
    return $result;
  }
  protected function serializeResource($key, $value, $type = null)
  {
    if ($type === null) {
      $type = $key;
    }
    if ($value->resource instanceof MissingValue) {
      return;
    }
    if ($value instanceof ResourceCollection) {
      foreach ($value as $k => $v) {
        $this->serializeResource($k, $v, $type);
      }
    } elseif (is_string($type)) {
      $included = $value->resolve();
      $data = [
        'type' => $included['type'],
        'id' => $included['id'],
      ];
      if (is_int($key)) {
        $this->data['relationships'][$type]['data'][] = $data;
      } else {
        $this->data['relationships'][$type]['data'] = $data;
      }
      static::$included[] = $included;
    } else {
      $this->data[] = $value->resolve();
    }
  }
  protected function serializeNonResource($key, $value)
  {
    switch ($key) {
      case 'id':
        $value = (string)$value;
      case 'type':
      case 'links':
        $this->data[$key] = $value;
        break;
      default:
        $this->data['attributes'][$key] = $value;
    }
  }
  protected function links($paginated)
  {
    return [
      'first' => $paginated['first_page_url'] ?? null,
      'last' => $paginated['last_page_url'] ?? null,
      'prev' => $paginated['prev_page_url'] ?? null,
      'next' => $paginated['next_page_url'] ?? null,
    ];
  }
  protected function meta($paginated)
  {
    return [
      'current_page' => $paginated['current_page'] ?? null,
      'from' => $paginated['from'] ?? null,
      'last_page' => $paginated['last_page'] ?? null,
      'per_page' => $paginated['per_page'] ?? null,
      'to' => $paginated['to'] ?? null,
      'total' => $paginated['total'] ?? null,
    ];
  }
  protected function isRootResource()
  {
    return isset($this->resource->isRoot) && $this->resource->isRoot;
  }
}
?>
      

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