Apache Hadoop2.2.0作为新一代hadoop版本，突破原来hadoop1.x的集群机器最多4000台的限制，并有效解决以前常遇到的OOM（内存溢出）问题，其创新的计算框架YARN被称为hadoop的操作系统，不仅兼容原有的mapreduce计算模型而且还可支持其他并行计算模型。
假设我们要搭建2个节点的hadoop2.2.0的集群。一个节点主机名为master，作为集群master兼slave角色运行namenode, datanode, secondarynamenode,resourcemanager和node manager 等daemon进程；另一个节点名为slave1作为集群slave角色运行datanode 和nodemanager进程.
1. 获取hadoop二进制包或者源码包： , 使用 hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz 或者 hadoop-2.2.0-src.tar.gz
2. 在每台机器上建立同名用户， 比如hduser； 并安装java (1.6 or 1.7)
解压软件包，比如到目录 /home/hduser/hadoop-2.2.0
如果要编译源代码，请参考以下3,4,5步骤
----------------for compile source file-----------------------
3. 下载 protocbuf2.5.0 : https://code.google.com/p/protobuf/downloads/list, 下载最新的 maven :
编译protocbuf 2.5.0:
tar -xvf protobuf-2.5.0.tar.gz
cd protobuf-2.5.0
./configure --prefix=/opt/protoc/
make && make install
4. 安装必须的软件包
如果是rmp linux:
yum install gcc
yum intall gcc-c++
yum install make
yum install cmake
yum install openssl-devel
yum install ncurses-devel
如果是Debian linux:
sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install intall g++
sudo apt-get install make
4. sudo apt-get install cmake
5. sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
6. sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
5.开始编译hadoop-2.2.0源码：
mvn clean install –DskipTests
mvn package -Pdist,native -DskipTests -Dtar
6 如果你已经得到了编译好的包（比如hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz），以下为安装配置过程。
用hduser登录到master机器：
6.1 安装ssh
For example on Ubuntu Linux:
$ sudo apt-get install ssh
$ sudo apt-get install rsync
Now check that you can ssh to the localhost without a passphrase:
$ ssh localhost
If you cannot ssh to localhost without a passphrase, execute the following commands:
$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
then can ssh from master to slaves: scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys slave1:/home/hduser/.ssh/
6.2 设置 JAVA_HOME in hadoop-env.sh and yarn-env.sh in hadoop_home/etc/hadoop
6.3 编辑 core-site.xml, hdfs-site.xml, mapred-site.xml,yarn-site.xml in hadoop_home/etc/hadoop
A sample core-site.xml:
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://master:9000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/home/hduser/temp</value>
</property>
</configuration>
A sample hdfs-site.xml :
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>/home/hduser/dfs/name</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>/home/hduser/dfs/data</value>
</property>
</configuration>
A sample mapred-site.xml :
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.app.mapreduce.am.staging-dir</name>
<value>/home/hduser/temp/hadoop-yarn/staging</value>
</property>
</configuration>
A sample yarn-site.xml :