最近痛感在集群里逐台部署ganglia, cacti这些监控的东西很麻烦，就写了个小程序去批量自动部署。原理是通过Python的pexpect用ssh去复制文件和执行系统命令，我用它来部署ganglia等，但是其他的东西也可以通过这个脚本来批量部署，只要自己编写部署脚本就可以了。主要是提出一个解决思路，看对大家是否有所帮助。
先约定一个概念，我们把放置python和脚本的服务器叫做主控节点或者server，把需要安装的节点叫做受控节点或者client。以下均以server和client代称。
首先是配置文件，我需要先定义一个配置文件，来约定server的一些路径，和client具体信息。
#-*-coding:UTF-8 -*-
log_dir = './logs/'#定义日志路径，不过我还没写，打算用log4py来做
client_tmp_dir = '/tmp/'#定义client端存放脚本路径
ssh_port = '22'#SSH端口
script_dir = './shells/'#server端脚本存放路径
node_list = [
{'ip':'192.168.1.1', 'user':'root', 'passwd':'123456', 'cmd':'sh /tmp/dpkg_client_Ubuntu_x.x86_64.sh'},
#cmd为在client端执行的命令，别的不解释
{'ip':'192.168.1.2', 'user':'root', 'passwd':'123456', 'cmd':'sh /tmp/dpkg_client_ubuntu_x.x86_64.sh'},
]
接下来是主程序
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*-coding:UTF-8 -*-
import os
import sys
import platform
#用import方式引入conf.py
import conf
import subprocess
'''
判断server(本机)操作系统类型和版本的类
'''
class System:
def GetBranch(self):
Branch = platform.dist()[0]
return Branch
def GetRelease(self):
Release = platform.dist()[1]
return Release
def GetInstaller(self):
if self.GetBranch() in ['Ubuntu', 'debian']:
installer = 'apt-get'
elif self.GetBranch() in ['RedHat', 'Fedora', 'CentOS']:
installer = 'yum'
elif self.GetBranch() in ['SUSE']:
installer = 'zypper'
else:
installer = 'unknown'
return installer
'''
以操作系统版本为依据获取相应的pexpect包并尝试引入，因pexpect非默认操作系统安装，这部分支持RH,Ubuntu,Debian,SuSE
'''
try:
import pexpect
except ImportError:
installer = System()
inst = install.GetInstaller()
if (inst == 'apt-get') or (inst == 'zypper'):
cmd = '%s install python-pexpect' % (inst)
elif inst == 'yum':
cmd = '$s install pexpect' % (inst)
else:
cmd = 'echo "Not support yet:)"';
try:
fd = subprocess.Popen( cmd, shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE )
out = fd.stdout.readlines()
err = fd.stderr.readlines()
all = out+err
all = "".join(all)
except OSError,e:
all = "Cannot run command, Exception:"+e+os.linesep
import pexpect
#print all
'''
pexpect执行类，分两个方法，ssh和scp，自动判断是否首次连接，并自动完成yes或输入密码的应答。
'''
class Expect:
#定义ssh方法，入口变量包括ip, port,username,password,执行命令
def ssh(self, ip, port, user, passwd, cmd):
#创建连接子进程对象
ssh = pexpect.spawn('ssh -p %s %s@%s "%s"' % (port, user, ip, cmd))
r = ''
try:
#判断是否首次连接，如果是首次，则回答yes并输入密码，否则直接输入密码
i = ssh.expect(['password:', 'continue connecting (yes/no)?'], timeout=5)
if i == 0 :
ssh.sendline(passwd)
elif i == 1:
ssh.sendline('yes')
ssh.expect('password:')
ssh.sendline(passwd)
except pexpect.EOF:
ssh.close()
else:
r = ssh.read()
ssh.expect(pexpect.EOF)
ssh.close()
return r
#定义scp方法，入口变量包括ip,port,username,password,需要复制到client的文件名,复制到client的路径
def scp(self, ip, port, user, passwd, srcfile = "index.html", distpath):
#创建连接子进程对象
ssh = pexpect.spawn('scp -P %s %s %s@%s:%s ' % (port, file, user, ip, distpath))
r= ''
try:
#判断是否首次连接，如果是首次，则回答yes并输入密码，否则直接输入密码
i = ssh.expect(['password:', 'continue connecting (yes/no)?'], timeout=5)
if i == 0:
ssh.sendline(passwd)
elif i == 1:
ssh.senline('yes')
ssh.expect('password:')
ssh.sendline(passwd)
except pexpect.EOF:
ssh.close()
else:
r = ssh.read()
ssh.expect(pexpect.EOF)
ssh.close()
return r
#创建conf中的对象，只是为了写起来方便。不创建直接用也行
packages = conf.package_dir
logs = conf.log_dir
c_tmp = conf.client_tmp_dir
port = conf.ssh_port
scripts = conf.script_dir
nodes = conf.node_list
expect = Expect()
#在本机执行server端脚本。该脚本会安装Ganglia gmetad,gmond,cacti,nagios,gangliaweb,mysql,apache等等
os.system("sh " + scripts + "dpkg_server_ubuntu_x.x86_64.sh")
#循环列出conf的列表中配置的主机，用户名，密码，执行命令
for i in range(len(nodes)):
ip = nodes[i]['ip']
user = nodes[i]['user']
passwd = nodes[i]['passwd']
cmd = nodes[i]['cmd']
#将本机的client执行脚本复制到client端的conf.py中定义的路径client_tmp_dir
r = expect.scp(ip, port, user, passwd, scripts+'dpkg_client_ubuntu_x.x86_64.sh', c_tmp)
print r
#在client端执行刚复制过去的脚本，脚本中包含gmond,nagios-client,snmpd等等
r = expect.ssh(ip, port, user, passwd, cmd)
print r