Django1.5自定义User模型

Django1.5自定义用户profile可谓简单很多,编写自己的model类MyUser,MyUser至少要满足如下要求:

必须有一个整型的主键

有一个唯一性约束字段,比如username或者email,用来做用户认证

提供一种方法以“short”和“long"的形式显示user,换种说法就是要实现 getfullname和getshortname方法。

一:在project中创建一个account app

django-admin startapp account

二:自定义MyUser

实现自定义User模型最简单的方式就是继承AbstractBaseUser,AbstractBaseUser实现了User的核心功能,你只需对一些额外的细节进行实现就可以了。可以看看AbstractBaseUser的源码:

@Python_2_unicode_compatible class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model): password = models.CharField(_('password'), max_length=128) last_login = models.DateTimeField(_('last login'), default=timezone.now) is_active = True REQUIRED_FIELDS = [] class Meta: abstract = True def get_username(self): "Return the identifying username for this User" return getattr(self, self.USERNAME_FIELD) def __str__(self): return self.get_username() def natural_key(self): return (self.get_username(),) def is_anonymous(self): """ Always returns False. This is a way of comparing User objects to anonymous users. """ return False def is_authenticated(self): """ Always return True. This is a way to tell if the user has been authenticated in templates. """ return True def set_password(self, raw_password): self.password = make_password(raw_password) def check_password(self, raw_password): """ Returns a boolean of whether the raw_password was correct. Handles hashing formats behind the scenes. """ def setter(raw_password): self.set_password(raw_password) self.save(update_fields=["password"]) return check_password(raw_password, self.password, setter) def set_unusable_password(self): # Sets a value that will never be a valid hash self.password = make_password(None) def has_usable_password(self): return is_password_usable(self.password) def get_full_name(self): raise NotImplementedError() def get_short_name(self): raise NotImplementedError()

AbstractBaseUser只有getfullname和getshortname方法没有实现了。 接下来我们就通过继承AbstractBaseUser来自定义User模型叫MyUser:

class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin): username = models.CharField('username', max_length=30, unique=True, db_index=True) email = models.EmailField('email address',max_length=254, unique=True) date_of_birth = models.DateField('date of birth', blank=True, null=True) USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['username'] is_staff = models.BooleanField('staff status', default=False, help_text='Designates whether the user can log into this admin ' 'site.') is_active = models.BooleanField('active', default=True, help_text='Designates whether this user should be treated as ' 'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.') def get_full_name(self): full_name = '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name) return full_name.strip() def get_short_name(self): return self.first_name objects = MyUserManager() USERNAME_FIELD :作为用户登录认证用的字段,可以usename,或者email等,但必须是唯一的。 REQUIRED_FIELDS :使用createsuperuser命令创建超级用户时提示操作者输入的字段 is_staff :判断用户是否可以登录管理后台 is_active :判断用户是否可以正常登录 三:自定义MyUserManager 同时要为MyUser自定义个一个manager,通过继承BaseUserManager,提供creat_user和create_superuser方法。 class MyUserManager(BaseUserManager): def create_user(self, username, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields): now = timezone.now() if not email: raise ValueError('The given email must be set') email = UserManager.normalize_email(email) user = self.model(username=username, email=email, is_staff=False, is_active=True, is_superuser=False, last_login=now, **extra_fields) user.set_password(password) user.save(using=self._db) return user def create_superuser(self, username, email, password, **extra_fields): u = self.create_user(username, email, password, **extra_fields) u.is_staff = True u.is_active = True u.is_superuser = True u.save(using=self._db) return u

四:指定AUTHUSERMODEL

覆盖默认的AUTHUSERMODEL,在settings.py文件中增加: AUTHUSERMODEL = 'user.MyUser'

五:注册MyUser

在account模块下创建admin.py,添加如下代码把MyUser模型注册到admin中:

from django.contrib import admin from user.models import MyUser admin.site.register(MyUser)

总结:实现自定义的User模型在Django1.5足够简单方便,根据自己需求继承AbstractBaseUser就可以了。当然如果你想了解更多关于Django 自定义用户模型相关内容,官方文档告诉你更多更好的完好

如果你有什么建议和问题欢迎留言。

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