当我们使用一个类时既没有源码也没有文档时(尤其是php扩展提供的类,比如mysqli,Redis类),我们该怎么知道这个类中提供了哪些方法,以及每个方法该怎么使用呢,此时就该PHP中强大的反射登场了,下面以Redis扩展为例用代码演示:
<?php $ref = new ReflectionClass('Redis'); $consts = $ref->getConstants(); //返回所有常量名和值 echo "----------------consts:---------------" . PHP_EOL; foreach ($consts as $key => $val) { echo "$key : $val" . PHP_EOL; } $props = $ref->getDefaultProperties(); //返回类中所有属性 echo "--------------------props:--------------" . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; foreach ($props as $key => $val) { echo "$key : $val" . PHP_EOL; // 属性名和属性值 } $methods = $ref->getMethods(); //返回类中所有方法 echo "-----------------methods:---------------" . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; foreach ($methods as $method) { echo $method->getName() . PHP_EOL; }
返回结果:
----------------consts:--------------- REDIS_NOT_FOUND : 0 REDIS_STRING : 1 REDIS_SET : 2 REDIS_LIST : 3 REDIS_ZSET : 4 REDIS_HASH : 5 ATOMIC : 0 MULTI : 1 PIPELINE : 2 OPT_SERIALIZER : 1 OPT_PREFIX : 2 OPT_READ_TIMEOUT : 3 SERIALIZER_NONE : 0 SERIALIZER_PHP : 1 OPT_SCAN : 4 SCAN_RETRY : 1 SCAN_NORETRY : 0 AFTER : after BEFORE : before --------------------props:-------------- -----------------methods:--------------- __construct __destruct connect pconnect close ping echo get set setex psetex setnx getSet randomKey renameKey renameNx getMultiple exists delete incr incrBy incrByFloat decr decrBy type append getRange setRange getBit setBit strlen getKeys sort sortAsc sortAscAlpha sortDesc sortDescAlpha lPush rPush lPushx rPushx lPop rPop blPop brPop lSize lRemove listTrim lGet lGetRange lSet lInsert sAdd sSize sRemove sMove sPop sRandMember sContains sMembers sInter sInterStore sUnion sUnionStore sDiff sDiffStore setTimeout save bgSave lastSave flushDB flushAll dbSize auth ttl pttl persist info resetStat select move bgrewriteaof slaveof object bitop bitcount bitpos mset msetnx rpoplpush brpoplpush zAdd zDelete zRange zReverseRange zRangeByScore zRevRangeByScore zRangeByLex zCount zDeleteRangeByScore zDeleteRangeByRank zCard zScore zRank zRevRank zInter zUnion zIncrBy expireAt pexpire pexpireAt hGet hSet hSetNx hDel hLen hKeys hVals hGetAll hExists hIncrBy hIncrByFloat hMset hMget multi discard exec pipeline watch unwatch publish subscribe psubscribe unsubscribe punsubscribe time eval evalsha script debug dump restore migrate getLastError clearLastError _prefix _serialize _unserialize client scan hscan zscan sscan pfadd pfcount pfmerge getOption setOption config slowlog rawCommand getHost getPort getDBNum getTimeout getReadTimeout getPersistentID getAuth isConnected getMode wait pubsub open popen lLen sGetMembers mget expire zunionstore zinterstore zRemove zRem zRemoveRangeByScore zRemRangeByScore zRemRangeByRank zSize substr rename del keys lrem ltrim lindex lrange scard srem sismember zrevrange sendEcho evaluate evaluateSha
进一步当我们想要知道具体一个方法怎么使用,有哪些参数时,我们可以对这个方法进行进一步的反射,以上例中的bitpos方法为例(文档中并没有介绍该方法的使用)
echo '---------------------params-----------------------' . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; $reflectMethod = $ref->getMethod('bitpos'); //传入方法名即可 echo $reflectMethod; // 会调用$reflectMethod->__toString() 返回可打印的形式;
打印结果:
---------------------params----------------------- Method [ <internal:redis> public method bitpos ] { }
并没有看到需要参数,可能与该方法的具体实现有关,具体原因只能去看redis扩展的代码实现,正常情况下应该是返回如下的形式,以mysqli的select_db方法为例:
$ref = new ReflectionClass('mysqli'); echo '---------------------params-----------------------' . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; $reflectMethod = $ref->getMethod('select_db'); //传入方法名即可 echo $reflectMethod; // 会调用$reflectMethod->__toString() 返回可打印的形式;
---------------------params----------------------- Method [ <internal:mysqli> public method select_db ] { - Parameters [1] { Parameter #0 [ <required> $database ] } }
这时就没办法了 我们只能靠对redis的理解以及参考相似方法来使用了,比如bitop
public function bitOp( $operation, $retKey, ...$keys) {}
贴下最终的方法调用
$redis = new Redis(); $redis->connect('127.0.0.1'); $redis->setBit('bit', 15, 1); echo 'bitpos: ' . $redis->bitpos('bit', 1) . PHP_EOL; //bitpos: 15 $redis->close();
是不是很有趣呢!