4 Hadoop启动 4.1 格式化一个新的分布式文件系统
先格式化一个新的分布式文件系统
$ cd hadoop-0.20.203
$ bin/hadoop namenode -format
成功情况下系统输出：
12/02/06 00:46:50 INFO namenode.NameNode:STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = Ubuntu/127.0.1.1
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 0.20.203.0
STARTUP_MSG: build =http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-0.20-security-203-r 1099333; compiled by 'oom' on Wed May 4 07:57:50 PDT 2011
************************************************************/
12/02/0600:46:50 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner=root,root
12/02/06 00:46:50 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem:supergroup=supergroup
12/02/06 00:46:50 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem:isPermissionEnabled=true
12/02/06 00:46:50 INFO common.Storage: Imagefile of size 94 saved in 0 seconds.
12/02/06 00:46:50 INFO common.Storage: Storagedirectory /opt/hadoop/hadoopfs/name1 has been successfully formatted.
12/02/06 00:46:50 INFO common.Storage: Imagefile of size 94 saved in 0 seconds.
12/02/06 00:46:50 INFO common.Storage: Storagedirectory /opt/hadoop/hadoopfs/name2 has been successfully formatted.
12/02/06 00:46:50 INFO namenode.NameNode:SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode atv-jiwan-ubuntu-0/127.0.0.1
************************************************************/
查看输出保证分布式文件系统格式化成功
执行完后可以到master机器上看到/home/hadoop//name1和/home/hadoop//name2两个目录。在主节点master上面启动hadoop，主节点会启动所有从节点的hadoop。
启动方式1：
$ bin/start-all.sh （同时启动HDFS和Map/Reduce）
系统输出：
starting namenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-ubuntu.out
node2: starting datanode, loggingto /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-ubuntu.out
node3: starting datanode, loggingto /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-ubuntu.out
node1: starting secondarynamenode,logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-ubuntu.out
starting jobtracker, logging to/usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-jobtracker-ubuntu.out
node2: starting tasktracker,logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-ubuntu.out
node3: starting tasktracker,logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-ubuntu.out
As you can see in slave's output above, it will automatically format it's storage directory(specified by dfs.data.dir) if it is not formattedalready. It will also create the directory if it does not exist yet.
执行完后可以到master（node1）和slave（node1，node2）机器上看到/home/hadoop/hadoopfs/data1和/home/hadoop/data2两个目录。
启动方式2：
启动Hadoop集群需要启动HDFS集群和Map/Reduce集群。
在分配的NameNode上，运行下面的命令启动HDFS：
$ bin/start-dfs.sh（单独启动HDFS集群）
bin/start-dfs.sh脚本会参照NameNode上${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/slaves文件的内容，在所有列出的slave上启动DataNode守护进程。
在分配的JobTracker上，运行下面的命令启动Map/Reduce：
$bin/start-mapred.sh （单独启动Map/Reduce）
bin/start-mapred.sh脚本会参照JobTracker上${HADOOP_CONF_DIR}/slaves文件的内容，在所有列出的slave上启动TaskTracker守护进程。