用这种方式来搭建DG ，主库的停机时间很少，只需要重启一下，使参数生效。也可以用这种方法进行DB迁移。DG搭建好，然后把备库激活就可以了。 这样整个迁移中宕机时间也比较短。
Oracle 11g的pyhsical standby 支持open read only 下的apply和Real-time query。 因此就有了physical standby 稳定和logical standby 的报表查询功能。
Oracle： 11.2.0.1
OS： RedHat 5.5
Primary IP: 192.168.2.42
DB_NAME=sanfu
Standby IP: 192.168.2.43
DB_NAME=sanfu
一. Primary 端操作：
1. 设置归档模式
这个生产库都是这种模式。
SQL> archive log list;
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> archive log list;
2. Primary 设置force logging
SQL> alter database force logging;
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FORCE_LOG
---------
YES
3. 配置Oracle Net
在Primary 库和Standby 都要修改。也可以使用netca 和netmgr命令配置。
注意：修改完后记得重启listener。
Listener.ora
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
-- 配置静态注册
tnsname.ora
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
sanfus =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
sanfup =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
4. 添加data guard 参数
创建pfile, 添加如下文件：
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_unique_name='sanfup'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(sanfup,sanfus)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=sanfup'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=sanfus reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=sanfus'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.fal_server='sanfus'
*.fal_client='sanfup'
注意：
在Oracle 11g的Data Guard中，standby_archive_dest参数已经被取消了。
Standby归档文件的存放位置按如下规则来进行：
（1）当LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n设置了valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)，那么在不定义standby_archive_dest参数时，Oracle就会选择LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n参数作为归档目标。
（2）如果在第一步设置的同时，又独立设置LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n参数为 valid_for=(standby_logfile,*) 属性，那么当compatible参数大于10.0的时候，会自动的选择任意一个LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n的值。
（3）如果LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n 没有设置的话，默认位置是：
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs.
不过valid_for参数的默认值就是all_logfiles和all_roles. 所以只要设置了本地的归档位置，远程的归档文件也会放到这个目录下面。
5. 用新pfile重启主库
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';
File created.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes
Fixed Size 1336960 bytes
Variable Size 310380928 bytes
Database Buffers 104857600 bytes
Redo Buffers 6094848 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
二. Standby 端设置：
1. 创建相关目录结构
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave
--这里我们创建的目录和Target 库不同，我们在参数文件里需要转换一下。
2. 创建standby的口令文件
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapwdave password=oracle
3. 创建standby的初始化参数：
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*db_name=orcl
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control02.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control03.ctl'
*.db_unique_name='sanfus'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(sanfup,sanfus)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(standby_logfile, standby_role) db_unique_name=sanfus'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=sanfup reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=sanfup'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.fal_server='sanfup'
*.fal_client='sanfus'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave'
4. 用pfile 将standby 启动到nomount状态：
SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes
Fixed Size 1335080 bytes
Variable Size 92274904 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes
5. 开始duplicate