一、Keepalived简介
Keepalived的作用是检测web服务器的状态，如果有一台web服务器死机，或工作出现故障，Keepalived将检测到，并将有故障的web服务器从系统中剔除，当web服务器工作正常后Keepalived自动将web服务器加入到服务器群中，这些工作全部自动完成，不需要人工干涉，需要人工做的只是修复故障的web服务器。
Layer3,4&7工作在IP/TCP协议栈的IP层，TCP层，及应用层,原理分别如下：
Layer3：Keepalived使用Layer3的方式工作式时，Keepalived会定期向服务器群中的服务器发送一个ICMP的数据包（既我们平时用的Ping程序）,如果发现某台服务的IP地址没有激活，Keepalived便报告这台服务器失效，并将它从服务器群中剔除，这种情况的典型例子是某台服务器被非法关机。Layer3的方式是以服务器的IP地址是否有效作为服务器工作正常与否的标准。在本文中将采用这种方式。
Layer4:如果您理解了Layer3的方式，Layer4就容易了。Layer4主要以TCP端口的状态来决定服务器工作正常与否。如web server的服务端口一般是80，如果Keepalived检测到80端口没有启动，则Keepalived将把这台服务器从服务器群中剔除。
Layer7：Layer7就是工作在具体的应用层了，比Layer3,Layer4要复杂一点，在网络上占用的带宽也要大一些。Keepalived将根据用户的设定检查服务器程序的运行是否正常，如果与用户的设定不相符，则Keepalived将把服务器从服务器群中剔除。
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二、安装配置
1.拓扑图
说明：1.两个代理服务器通过VIP向外提供数据
2.两个代理服务器都可以代理后端的服务器
3.为测试方便，后端服务器至提供静态页面
2.ip规划
功用 ip地址 安装软件VIP 192.168.1.99
反向代理1 192.168.1.201 keepalived、haproxy
反向代理2 192.168.1.204 keepalived、haproxy
web服务器1 192.168.1.202 httpd
web服务器2 192.168.1.203 httpd
3.安装配置haproxy
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example configuration for a possible web application. See the
# full configuration options online.
#
#
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend main *:80
default_backend static
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend static
balance roundrobin
server node2 192.168.1.202:80 check maxconn 2000
server node3 192.168.1.203:80 check maxconn 2000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
说明：两个节点的HAproxy的配置文件应该保持一样