//创建干扰线条(默认四条) public function createLines(){ for ($i=0; $i < 4; $i++) { $color = imagecolorallocate($this->img,mt_rand(0,155),mt_rand(0,155),mt_rand(0,155)); //使用浅色 imageline($this->img,mt_rand(0,$this->width),mt_rand(0,$this->height),mt_rand(0,$this->width),mt_rand(0,$this->height),$color); } }
用到的相关函数:
imageline:画一条线段
创建干扰点
//创建干扰点 (默认一百个点) public function createPiex(){ for ($i=0; $i < 100; $i++) { $color = imagecolorallocate($this->img,mt_rand(0,255),mt_rand(0,255),mt_rand(0,255)); imagesetpixel($this->img,mt_rand(0,$this->width),mt_rand(0,$this->height),$color); } }
使用的相关函数:
imagesetpixel:画一个单一像素
对外输出图像:
public function show() { $this->createImage(); $this->createCode(); if ($this->lineFlag) { //是否创建干扰线条 $this->createLines(); } if ($this->piexFlag) { //是否创建干扰点 $this->createPiex(); } header('Content-type:image/png'); //请求页面的内容是png格式的图像 imagepng($this->img); //以png格式输出图像 imagedestroy($this->img); //清除图像资源,释放内存 }
用到的相关函数:
imagepng:以 PNG 格式将图像输出到浏览器或文件
imagedestroy:销毁一图像
对外提供验证码:
public function getCode(){ return $this->code; } 完整代码如下: <?php /** * Captcha class */ class Captcha { private $codeNum; private $width; private $height; private $img; private $lineFlag; private $piexFlag; private $fontSize; private $code; private $string; private $font; function __construct($codeNum = 4,$height = 50,$width = 150,$fontSize = 20,$lineFlag = true,$piexFlag = true) { $this->string = 'qwertyupmkjnhbgvfcdsxa123456789'; $this->codeNum = $codeNum; $this->height = $height; $this->width = $width; $this->lineFlag = $lineFlag; $this->piexFlag = $piexFlag; $this->font = dirname(__FILE__).'/fonts/consola.ttf'; $this->fontSize = $fontSize; } public function createImage(){ $this->img = imagecreate($this->width, $this->height); imagecolorallocate($this->img,mt_rand(0,100),mt_rand(0,100),mt_rand(0,100)); } public function createCode(){ $strlen = strlen($this->string)-1; for ($i=0; $i < $this->codeNum; $i++) { $this->code .= $this->string[mt_rand(0,$strlen)]; } $_SESSION['code'] = $this->code; $diff = $this->width/$this->codeNum; for ($i=0; $i < $this->codeNum; $i++) { $txtColor = imagecolorallocate($this->img,mt_rand(100,255),mt_rand(100,255),mt_rand(100,255)); imagettftext($this->img, $this->fontSize, mt_rand(-30,30), $diff*$i+mt_rand(3,8), mt_rand(20,$this->height-10), $txtColor, $this->font, $this->code[$i]); } } public function createLines(){ for ($i=0; $i < 4; $i++) { $color = imagecolorallocate($this->img,mt_rand(0,155),mt_rand(0,155),mt_rand(0,155)); imageline($this->img,mt_rand(0,$this->width),mt_rand(0,$this->height),mt_rand(0,$this->width),mt_rand(0,$this->height),$color); } } public function createPiexs(){ for ($i=0; $i < 100; $i++) { $color = imagecolorallocate($this->img,mt_rand(0,255),mt_rand(0,255),mt_rand(0,255)); imagesetpixel($this->img,mt_rand(0,$this->width),mt_rand(0,$this->height),$color); } } public function show() { $this->createImage(); $this->createCode(); if ($this->lineFlag) { $this->createLines(); } if ($this->piexFlag) { $this->createPiexs(); } header('Content-type:image/png'); imagepng($this->img); imagedestroy($this->img); } public function getCode(){ return $this->code; } }
以上就是验证码类的全部代码。看起来确实挺简单的,不过用的图像处理函数比较多,上面相关的函数我也做了必要的链接和用途说明。这些函数也不用死记硬背,遇到不清楚的,随时查阅 PHP 官方文档,最重要的是还有中文文档。
2.2 使用验证码
既然已经封装完毕,那就可以开始使用了。这里为了方便,直接在 Captcha 类的下方调用该类:
session_start(); //开启session $captcha = new Captcha(); //实例化验证码类(可自定义参数) $captcha->show(); //调用输出
三、前端展示
后端已经准备好了验证码,前端界面就可以展示了,修改 index.php 中的注册与登陆表单的验证码部分:
<div> <div> <img src="https://www.jb51.net/admin/Captcha.php" alt=""> <span>Click to Switch</span> </div> </div>
img 标签添加了点击事件的 js 代码,这样就可以实现点击更换验证码的功能!
效果图:
四、完善