A quorum node set is a majority of the voting nodes and witnesses in the WSFC cluster. The overall health and status of a WSFC cluster is determined by a periodic quorum vote. The presence of a quorum means that the cluster is healthy and able to provide node-level fault tolerance.
WSFC uses a quorum-based approach to monitoring overall cluster health and maximize node-level fault tolerance. A fundamental understanding of WSFC quorum modes and node voting configuration is very important to designing, operating, and troubleshooting your AlwaysOn high availability and disaster recovery solution.
参考文档：
WSFC Quorum Modes and Voting Configuration (SQL Server)
Failover Cluster Step-by-Step Guide: Configuring the Quorum in a Failover Cluster