浅谈Node.js 沙箱环境

node官方文档里提到node的vm模块可以用来做沙箱环境执行代码，对代码的上下文环境做隔离。

\A common use case is to run the code in a sandboxed environment. The sandboxed code uses a different V8 Context, meaning that it has a different global object than the rest of the code.

先看一个例子

const vm = require('vm'); let a = 1; var result = vm.runInNewContext('var b = 2; a = 3; a + b;', {a}); console.log(result); // 5 console.log(a); // 1 console.log(typeof b); // undefined

沙箱环境中执行的代码对于外部代码没有产生任何影响，无论是新声明的变量b，还是重新赋值的变量a。 注意最后一行的代码默认会被加上return关键字，因此无需手动添加，一旦添加的话不会静默忽略，而是执行报错。

const vm = require('vm'); let a = 1; var result = vm.runInNewContext('var b = 2; a = 3; return a + b;', {a}); console.log(result); console.log(a); console.log(typeof b);

如下所示

evalmachine.<anonymous>:1 var b = 2; a = 3; return a + b; ^^^^^^ SyntaxError: Illegal return statement at new Script (vm.js:74:7) at createScript (vm.js:246:10) at Object.runInNewContext (vm.js:291:10) at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/xiji/workspace/learn/script.js:3:17) at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:678:30) at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:689:10) at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:589:32) at tryModuleLoad (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:528:12) at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:520:3) at Function.Module.runMain (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:719:10)

除了runInNewContext外，vm还提供了runInThisContext和runInContext两个方法都可以用来执行代码 runInThisContext无法指定context

const vm = require('vm'); let localVar = 'initial value';​ const vmResult = vm.runInThisContext('localVar += "vm";'); console.log('vmResult:', vmResult); console.log('localVar:', localVar); console.log(global.localVar);

由于无法访问本地的作用域，只能访问到当前的global对象，因此上面的代码会因为找不到localVal而报错

evalmachine.<anonymous>:1 localVar += "vm"; ^ ReferenceError: localVar is not defined at evalmachine.<anonymous>:1:1 at Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:91:20) at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:298:38) at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/xiji/workspace/learn/script.js:3:21) at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:678:30) at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:689:10) at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:589:32) at tryModuleLoad (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:528:12) at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:520:3) at Function.Module.runMain (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:719:10)

如果我们把要执行的代码改成直接赋值的话就可以正常运行了，但是也产生了全局污染（全局的localVar变量）

const vm = require('vm'); let localVar = 'initial value';​ const vmResult = vm.runInThisContext('localVar = "vm";'); console.log('vmResult:', vmResult); // vm console.log('localVar:', localVar); // initial value console.log(global.localVar); // vm

runInContext在传入context参数上与runInNewContext有所区别 runInContext传入的context对象不为空而且必须是经vm.createContext()处理过的，否则会报错。 runInNewContext的context参数是非必须的，而且无需经过vm.createContext处理。 runInNewContext和runInContext因为有指定context，所以不会向runInThisContext那样产生全局污染（不会产生全局的localVar变量）

const vm = require('vm'); let localVar = 'initial value';​ const vmResult = vm.runInNewContext('localVar = "vm";'); console.log('vmResult:', vmResult); // vm console.log('localVar:', localVar); // initial value console.log(global.localVar); // undefined

当需要一个沙箱环境执行多个脚本片段的时候，可以通过多次调用runInContext方法但是传入同一个vm.createContext()返回值实现。

超时控制及错误捕获

vm针对要执行的代码提供了超时机制，通过指定timeout参数即可以runInThisContext为例

const vm = require('vm'); let localVar = 'initial value';​ const vmResult = vm.runInThisContext('while(true) { 1 }; localVar = "vm";', { timeout: 1000});

vm.js:91 return super.runInThisContext(...args); ^ Error: Script execution timed out. at Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:91:20) at Object.runInThisContext (vm.js:298:38) at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/xiji/workspace/learn/script.js:3:21) at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:678:30) at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:689:10) at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:589:32) at tryModuleLoad (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:528:12) at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:520:3) at Function.Module.runMain (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:719:10) at startup (internal/bootstrap/node.js:228:19)

可以通过try catch来捕获代码错误