Python调用API接口的几种方式

相信做过自动化运维的同学都用过API接口来完成某些动作。API是一套成熟系统所必需的接口，可以被其他系统或脚本来调用，这也是自动化运维的必修课。

本文主要介绍Python中调用API的几种方式，下面是Python中会用到的库。

- urllib2

- httplib2

- pycurl

- requests

1.urllib2

- Sample1

import urllib2, urllib

github_url = 'https://api.github.com/user/repos'

password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()

password_manager.add_password(None, github_url, 'user', '***')

auth = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager) # create an authentication handler

opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth) # create an opener with the authentication handler

urllib2.install_opener(opener) # install the opener...

request = urllib2.Request(github_url, urllib.urlencode({'name':'Test repo', 'description': 'Some test repository'})) # Manual encoding required

handler = urllib2.urlopen(request)

print handler.read()

  - Sample2

import urllib2

url = 'http://ems.vip.ebay.com/removeSIforcloud.cgi?ip=' + ip

req = urllib2.Request(url)

req.add_header('IAF',abc.token_authiaas)

try:

resp = urllib2.urlopen(req)

except urllib2.HTTPError, error:

print "Cannot remove service instance!", error

sys.exit(1)

response = resp.read()

print response

  - Sample3

import urllib2, urllib, base64

url = "https://reparo.stratus.ebay.com/reparo/bootstrap/registerasset/" + rackid + "/" + asset

data = urllib.urlencode({

'reservedResource':'RR-Hadoop',

'resourceCapability':'Production',

'movetoironic':'False',

'output':'json'

})

print "Bootstrap Asset jobs starting .............."

base64string = base64.encodestring('%s:%s' % (user, passwd)).replace('\n', '')

request = urllib2.Request(url, data, headers={"Authorization" : "Basic %s" % base64string})

response = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()

response_json = json.loads(response)

response_status = response_json['status']

status_code = response_status['statusCode']

status = response_status['status']

message = response_status['message']         

print status_code , status, message

2. httplib2

import urllib, httplib2

github_url = '

h = httplib2.Http(".cache")

h.add_credentials("user", "******", "

data = urllib.urlencode({"name":"test"})

resp, content = h.request(github_url, "POST", data)

print content

3. pycurl

import pycurl, json

github_url = "

user_pwd = "user:*****"

data = json.dumps({"name": "test_repo", "description": "Some test repo"})

c = pycurl.Curl()

c.setopt(pycurl.URL, github_url)

c.setopt(pycurl.USERPWD, user_pwd)

c.setopt(pycurl.POST, 1)

c.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, data)

c.perform()

4. requests

import requests, json

github_url = "

data = json.dumps({'name':'test', 'description':'some test repo'})

r = requests.post(github_url, data, auth=('user', '*****'))

print r.json

以上几种方式都可以调用API来执行动作，但requests这种方式代码最简洁，最清晰，建议采用。

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