一直对rman的crosschcek和obsolete的用法理解的不清楚，而且有点混乱，这样对rman的备份集甚至备份的管理造成很大的影响，今天还是及时测试一下，及时弥补这个重要环节
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推荐阅读：
Oracle基础教程之通过RMAN复制数据库
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RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name XUPENG are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/dbs/snapcf_xupeng.f'; # default
---默认策略就保留一份
---当前数据库无备份集备份
RMAN> list backup summary;
specification does not match any backup in the repository
做一次全备！
RMAN> backup database format '/u01/backup/ora_full_%U';
Starting backup at 10-MAR-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=38 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XUPENG/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XUPENG/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XUPENG/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XUPENG/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XUPENG/tools.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XUPENG/test.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XUPENG/xupeng.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAR-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAR-14
piece handle=/u01/backup/ora_full_01p2qnrf_1_1 tag=TAG20140310T105231 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XUPENG/fuck.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAR-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAR-14
piece handle=/u01/backup/ora_full_02p2qnrm_1_1 tag=TAG20140310T105231 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAR-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAR-14
piece handle=/u01/backup/ora_full_03p2qnrn_1_1 tag=TAG20140310T105231 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 10-MAR-14
--备份数据文件system
RMAN> backup datafile 1 format '/u01/backup/ora_system_%U';
Starting backup at 10-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XUPENG/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAR-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAR-14
piece handle=/u01/backup/ora_system_04p2qnuc_1_1 tag=TAG20140310T105404 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAR-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAR-14
piece handle=/u01/backup/ora_system_05p2qnuf_1_1 tag=TAG20140310T105404 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 10-MAR-14
----所有的备份都会包括控制文件和spfile