这里我使用单台服务器上的两个MySQL实例进行搭建，主要用到了MySQL自带的mysqld_multi
一、复制原理
开始搭建前有个mysql复制原理的基础知识需要补充:
mysql进行主备复制使用到了三个线程：
1.主库上的转存储线程:
会将mysql server提交的事务写入到二进制文件中，这个二进制文件就叫做binlog。
2.备库上的连接线程：
备库启动后，负责和主库通信，读取binlog，同时，将binlog存储进自己的一个叫中继日志的relaylog中。
3.备库上的relaylog重放线程:
此线程会将relaylog中的事件在备库上进行回放，说白点就是重新执行一次
二、搭建步骤
1./etc新增文件mysqld_multi.cnf
将/user/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf文件复制到/etc，重新命名为xxx.cnf（任何你想要的名字）
在配置文件中新增三个实例
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[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/bin/mysqladmin
user = multi_admin
password = multipass
log = /var/log/mysqld_multi.log
[mysqld3307]
port = 3307
pid-file = /var/lib/mysql3307/mysql3307.pid
socket = /var/lib/mysql3307/mysql3307.sock
datadir=/var/lib/mysql3307
user=mysql
set-variable=max_connections=27000
log_bin = mysql-bin
server_id = 3307
[mysqld3308]
port = 3308
pid-file = /var/lib/mysql3308/mysql3308.pid
socket = /var/lib/mysql3308/mysql3308.sock
datadir=/var/lib/mysql3308
user=mysql
set-variable=max_connections=28000
log_bin = mysql-bin
server_id = 3308
relay_log = /var/lib/mysql3308/mysql-relay-bin
log_slave_updates = 1
read_only = 1
[mysqld3309]
port = 3309
pid-file = /var/lib/mysql3309/mysql3309.pid
socket = /var/lib/mysql3309/mysql3309.sock
datadir=/var/lib/mysql3309
user=mysql
set-variable=max_connections=29000
log_bin = mysql-bin
server_id = 3309
relay_log = /var/lib/mysql3309/mysql-relay-bin
log_slave_updates = 1
read_only = 1
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这里我会将将mysqld3307这个实例做为主库，mysqld3308和mysql3309这个实例作为备库
2.做好了配置之后开启两个实例：
mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/mysqld_muti.cnf start
3.开启复制前主库的准备工作:
1.在主库上增加一个复制账号：
使用sock文件登陆mysql:
mysql -uroot -p -S /var/lib/mysql3307/mysql3307.sock（这个套接字文件还记得吗，是在之前定义实例的时候定义的）
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mysql>grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to replication@'localhost' identified by 'replication';
mysql>flush privileges;
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查看主库上的binlog是否开启:
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mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1001 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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4.开启复制:
登陆到备库：
mysql -uroot -p -S /var/lib/mysql3308/mysql3308.sock
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change master to master_host = "localhost",
master_user = 'replication',
master_password = 'replication',（你之前在主库上创建复制账号时指定的）
master_port = 3306;
start slave;
查看复制是否开始工作:
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mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: localhost
Master_User: replication
Master_Port: 3307
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 622
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 767
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 622
Relay_Log_Space: 922
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)