.net core webapi jwt 更为清爽的认证详解

jwt认证分为两部分，第一部分是加密解密，第二部分是灵活的应用于中间件，我的处理方式是将获取token放到api的一个具体的controller中，将发放token与验证分离，token的失效时间，发证者，使用者等信息存放到config中。

1.配置：

在appsettings.json中增加配置

"Jwt": { "Issuer": "issuer",//随意定义 "Audience": "Audience",//随意定义 "SecretKey": "abc",//随意定义 "Lifetime": 20, //单位分钟 "ValidateLifetime": true,//验证过期时间 "HeadField": "useless", //头字段 "Prefix": "prefix", //前缀 "IgnoreUrls": [ "/Auth/GetToken" ]//忽略验证的url }

2:定义配置类：

internal class JwtConfig { public string Issuer { get; set; } public string Audience { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 加密key /// </summary> public string SecretKey { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 生命周期 /// </summary> public int Lifetime { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 是否验证生命周期 /// </summary> public bool ValidateLifetime { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 验证头字段 /// </summary> public string HeadField { get; set; } /// <summary> /// jwt验证前缀 /// </summary> public string Prefix { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 忽略验证的url /// </summary> public List<string> IgnoreUrls { get; set; } }

3.加密解密接口：

public interface IJwt { string GetToken(Dictionary<string, string> Clims); bool ValidateToken(string Token,out Dictionary<string ,string> Clims); }

4.加密解密的实现类：

install -package System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt public class Jwt : IJwt { private IConfiguration _configuration; private string _base64Secret; private JwtConfig _jwtConfig = new JwtConfig(); public Jwt(IConfiguration configration) { this._configuration = configration; configration.GetSection("Jwt").Bind(_jwtConfig); GetSecret(); } /// <summary> /// 获取到加密串 /// </summary> private void GetSecret() { var encoding = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding(); byte[] keyByte = encoding.GetBytes("salt"); byte[] messageBytes = encoding.GetBytes(this._jwtConfig.SecretKey); using (var hmacsha256 = new HMACSHA256(keyByte)) { byte[] hashmessage = hmacsha256.ComputeHash(messageBytes); this._base64Secret= Convert.ToBase64String(hashmessage); } } /// <summary> /// 生成Token /// </summary> /// <param></param> /// <returns></returns> public string GetToken(Dictionary<string, string> Claims) { List<Claim> claimsAll = new List<Claim>(); foreach (var item in Claims) { claimsAll.Add(new Claim(item.Key, item.Value)); } var symmetricKey = Convert.FromBase64String(this._base64Secret); var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler(); var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor { Issuer = _jwtConfig.Issuer, Audience = _jwtConfig.Audience, Subject = new ClaimsIdentity(claimsAll), NotBefore = DateTime.Now, Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(this._jwtConfig.Lifetime), SigningCredentials =new SigningCredentials(new SymmetricSecurityKey(symmetricKey), SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature) }; var securityToken = tokenHandler.CreateToken(tokenDescriptor); return tokenHandler.WriteToken(securityToken); } public bool ValidateToken(string Token, out Dictionary<string, string> Clims) { Clims = new Dictionary<string, string>(); ClaimsPrincipal principal = null; if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Token)) { return false; } var handler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler(); try { var jwt = handler.ReadJwtToken(Token); if (jwt == null) { return false; } var secretBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(this._base64Secret); var validationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters { RequireExpirationTime = true, IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(secretBytes), ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero, ValidateIssuer = true,//是否验证Issuer ValidateAudience = true,//是否验证Audience ValidateLifetime = this._jwtConfig.ValidateLifetime,//是否验证失效时间 ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,//是否验证SecurityKey ValidAudience = this._jwtConfig.Audience, ValidIssuer = this._jwtConfig.Issuer }; SecurityToken securityToken; principal = handler.ValidateToken(Token, validationParameters, out securityToken); foreach (var item in principal.Claims) { Clims.Add(item.Type, item.Value); } return true; } catch (Exception ex) { return false; } } }

5.定义获取Token的Controller:

在Startup.ConfigureServices中注入 IJwt

services.AddTransient<IJwt, Jwt>(); // Jwt注入 [Route("[controller]/[action]")] [ApiController] public class AuthController : ControllerBase { private IJwt _jwt; public AuthController(IJwt jwt) { this._jwt = jwt; } /// <summary> /// getToken /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> [HttpPost] public IActionResult GetToken() { if (true) { Dictionary<string, string> clims = new Dictionary<string, string>(); clims.Add("userName", userName); return new JsonResult(this._jwt.GetToken(clims)); } } }

6.创建中间件：