在事情项目中,会碰着一些php并发会见去修改一个数据问题,假如这个数据不加锁,就会造成数据的错误。下面我将阐明一个财政付出锁的问题。但愿对各人有所辅佐。
1 没有应用锁机制1.1 财政付出简化版本代码
<!--?php /** * pay.php * * 付出没有应用锁 * * Copy right (c) 2016 * * modification history: * -------------------- * 2018/9/10, by CleverCode, Create * */ //用户付出 function pay($userId,$money) { if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money)) { return false; } //取出总额 $total = getUserLeftMoney($userId); //耗费大于剩余 if($money --> $total) { return false; } //余额 $left = $total - $money; //更新余额 return setUserLeftMoney($userId,$left); } //取出用户的余额 function getUserLeftMoney($userId) { if(false == is_int($userId)) { return 0; } $sql = "select account form user_account where userid = ${userId}"; //$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库 return $mysql->query($sql); } //更新用户余额 function setUserLeftMoney($userId,$money) { if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money)) { return false; } $sql = "update user_account set account = ${money} where userid = ${userId}"; //$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库 return $mysql->execute($sql); } ?>
1.2 问题阐明
假如有两个操纵人(p和m),都用用户编号100账户,别离在pc和手机端同时登岸,100账户总余额有1000,p操纵人花200,m操纵人花300。并发进程如下。
p操纵人:
取出用户的余额1000。
付出后剩余 800 = 1000 - 200。
更新后账户余额800。
m操纵人:
取出用户余额1000。
付出后剩余700 = 1000 - 300。
付出后账户余额700。
两次付出后,账户的余额居然尚有700,应该的环境是耗费了500,账户余额500才对。造成这个现象的基础原因,是并发的时候,p和m同时操纵取到的余额数据都是1000。
锁的操纵一般只有两步,一 获取锁(getLock);二是释放锁(releaseLock)。但现实锁的方法有许多种,可以是文件方法实现;sql实现;Memcache实现;按照这种场景我们思量利用计策模式。
2.1 类图设计如下
2.2 php源码设计如下
LockSystem.php
<!--?php /** * LockSystem.php * * php锁机制 * * Copy right (c) 2018 * * modification history: * -------------------- * 2018/9/10, by CleverCode, Create * */ class LockSystem { const LOCK_TYPE_DB = 'SQLLock'; const LOCK_TYPE_FILE = 'FileLock'; const LOCK_TYPE_MEMCACHE = 'MemcacheLock'; private $_lock = null; private static $_supportLocks = array('FileLock', 'SQLLock', 'MemcacheLock'); public function __construct($type, $options = array()) { if(false == empty($type)) { $this--->createLock($type, $options); } } public function createLock($type, $options=array()) { if (false == in_array($type, self::$_supportLocks)) { throw new Exception("not support lock of ${type}"); } $this->_lock = new $type($options); } public function getLock($key, $timeout = ILock::EXPIRE) { if (false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock) { throw new Exception('false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock'); } $this->_lock->getLock($key, $timeout); } public function releaseLock($key) { if (false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock) { throw new Exception('false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock'); } $this->_lock->releaseLock($key); } } interface ILock { const EXPIRE = 5; public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE); public function releaseLock($key); } class FileLock implements ILock { private $_fp; private $_single; public function __construct($options) { if (isset($options['path']) && is_dir($options['path'])) { $this->_lockPath = $options['path'].'https://www.jb51.net/'; } else { $this->_lockPath = '/tmp/'; } $this->_single = isset($options['single'])?$options['single']:false; } public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) { $startTime = Timer::getTimeStamp(); $file = md5(__FILE__.$key); $this->fp = fopen($this->_lockPath.$file.'.lock', "w+"); if (true || $this->_single) { $op = LOCK_EX + LOCK_NB; } else { $op = LOCK_EX; } if (false == flock($this->fp, $op, $a)) { throw new Exception('failed'); } return true; } public function releaseLock($key) { flock($this->fp, LOCK_UN); fclose($this->fp); } } class SQLLock implements ILock { public function __construct($options) { $this->_db = new mysql(); } public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) { $sql = "SELECT GET_LOCK('".$key."', '".$timeout."')"; $res = $this->_db->query($sql); return $res; } public function releaseLock($key) { $sql = "SELECT RELEASE_LOCK('".$key."')"; return $this->_db->query($sql); } } class MemcacheLock implements ILock { public function __construct($options) { $this->memcache = new Memcache(); } public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) { $waitime = 20000; $totalWaitime = 0; $time = $timeout*1000000; while ($totalWaitime < $time && false == $this->memcache->add($key, 1, $timeout)) { usleep($waitime); $totalWaitime += $waitime; } if ($totalWaitime >= $time) throw new Exception('can not get lock for waiting '.$timeout.'s.'); } public function releaseLock($key) { $this->memcache->delete($key); } }
3 应用锁机制3.1 付出系统应用锁