现在非常流行单页面应用,传统都是通过ajax请求数据,前端拿到数据渲染到页面,这种无刷新的视图切换非常棒!但是致命的缺点就是刷新後无法保持原来的视图,解决此问题的一个方法是使用 hash,监听hashchange事件来进行视图切换,另一个方法是用HTML5的history API,通过pushState()记录操作历史,监听popstate事件来进行视图切换,也有人把这叫pjax技术。
现在开始介绍angular的$route!
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html ng-app="myApp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.jb51.net/js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="#aaa">首页</a> <a href="#bbb">内容</a> <a href="#ccc">标题</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']); m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{ template : '<h1>AAA</h1>' }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>BBB</h1>' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>CCC</h1>' }).otherwise({ //默认哈希值,哈希值出现错误也可以执行 redirectTo : '/aaa' }); }]); m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ }]); </script> </body> </html>
上面的例子很简单, 除了用template之外还可以用templateUrl引入html的模板文件。
在when传入控制器的指向,实现不同的页面显示不同的数据。
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html ng-app="myApp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.jb51.net/js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="#aaa">首页</a> <a href="#bbb">内容</a> <a href="#ccc">标题</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']); m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{ template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向 }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Bbb' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Ccc' }).otherwise({ redirectTo : '/aaa' }); }]); m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa'; }]); m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb'; }]); m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc'; }]); </script> </body> </html>
以事件的方式映射路由页面。
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html ng-app="myApp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.jb51.net/js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="Aaa"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa')">首页</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">内容</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">标题</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myApp',['ngRoute']); m1.config(['$routeProvider',function($routeProvider){ $routeProvider.when('/aaa',{ template : '<h1>AAA</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Aaa' //控制器指向 }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>BBB</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Bbb' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>CCC</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'Ccc' }).otherwise({ redirectTo : '/aaa' }); }]); m1.controller('Aaa',['$scope','$location',function($scope,$location){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Aaa'; $scope.$location = $location; }]); m1.controller('Bbb',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Bbb'; }]); m1.controller('Ccc',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-Ccc'; }]); </script> </body> </html>
项目更复杂,页面相同(首页&index),数据不同,需要对url进行传参。