在学习了之前的路由vue-router和状态管理vuex之后，就应该是网络交互了。就学习尤大推荐的axios了。刚好本人对网络请求这块除了会get、put、post和delete这四个方法之外知之甚少，刚好补全上。
注意：Vue官方推荐的网络通信库不再是vue-resource了，推荐使用axios。
为何放弃vue-resource？
尤大的原话：
最近团队讨论了一下，Ajax 本身跟 Vue 并没有什么需要特别整合的地方，使用 fetch polyfill 或是 axios、superagent 等等都可以起到同等的效果，vue-resource 提供的价值和其维护成本相比并不划算，所以决定在不久以后取消对 vue-resource 的官方推荐。已有的用户可以继续使用，但以后不再把 vue-resource 作为官方的 ajax 方案。
axios安装
npm:
$ npm install axios
bower:
$ bower install axios
Using cdn:
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
基本使用方法
GET请求
// Make a request for a user with a given ID axios.get('/user?ID=12345') .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }); // Optionally the request above could also be done as axios.get('/user', { params: { ID: 12345 } }) .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); });
POST请求
axios.post('/user', { firstName: 'Fred', lastName: 'Flintstone' }) .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); });
同时执行多个请求
function getUserAccount() { return axios.get('/user/12345'); } function getUserPermissions() { return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions'); } axios.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()]) .then(axios.spread(function (acct, perms) { // Both requests are now complete }));
其实和其他的ajax库一样，基本用法都是差不多的。大家一看就知道怎么用。
axios API
可以直接通过config来完成请求
axios(config)
axios({ method: 'post', url: '/user/12345', data: { firstName: 'Fred', lastName: 'Flintstone' } });
axios(url, [config])
// Send a GET request (default method) axios('/user/12345');
请求方法别名
下面是axios支持的所有请求方法别名，便于各种请求。
注： [...]中的数据表示可以为空。url是ajax请求地址；data是提交的数据对象；config是配置对象，所有ajax配置都可以在config中实现。
axios.request(config)
axios.get(url[, config])
axios.delete(url[, config])
axios.head(url[, config])
axios.post(url[, data[, config]])
axios.put(url[, data[, config]])
axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])
并发性
下列接口用于处理并发请求(同时处理多个多个request)
axios.all(iterable)
axios.spread(callback)
axios实例
可以用自定义的config创建一个axios实例
axios.create([config])
var instance = axios.create({ baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/', timeout: 1000, headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'} });
实例方法
下面是实例的所有可用方法，方法中的config会与axios实例中的config合并。（实例可以将一些通用的config先配置好）
axios#request(config)
axios#get(url, [config])
axios#delete(url, [config])
axios#head(url, [config])
axios#post(url[, data[, config]])
axios#put(url[, data[, config]])
axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])
Config
重点来了，来看看Config。
下面列出了config的所有配置项，其中之后url是必填的。当method没有指定方法，默认为GET。
{ // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request // 用来向服务器发送请求的url url: '/user', // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request // 请求方法 method: 'get', // default // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute. // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs // to methods of that instance. // 假如`url`不是绝对路径，那么向服务器发送请求的URL将是`baseURL + url` baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/', // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH' // The last function in the array must return a string, an ArrayBuffer, or a Stream transformRequest: [function (data) { // Do whatever you want to transform the data return data; }], // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before // it is passed to then/catch transformResponse: [function (data) { // Do whatever you want to transform the data return data; }], // `headers` are custom headers to be sent headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'}, // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object params: { ID: 12345 }, // `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params` // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, ) paramsSerializer: function(params) { return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'}) }, // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH' // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types: // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob // - Node only: Stream data: { firstName: 'Fred' }, // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out. // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted. timeout: 1000, // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests // should be made using credentials withCredentials: false, // default // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier. // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see [response docs](#response-api)). adapter: function (config) { /* ... */ }, // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials. // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`. auth: { username: 'janedoe', password: 's00pers3cret' }, // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with // options are 'arraybuffer', 'blob', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream' responseType: 'json', // default // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // Do whatever you want with the native progress event }, // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // Do whatever you want with the native progress event }, // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content allowed maxContentLength: 2000, // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null` // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be // rejected. validateStatus: function (status) { return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default }, // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js. // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed. maxRedirects: 5, // default // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows to configure options like // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default. httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }), httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }), // 'proxy' defines the hostname and port of the proxy server // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and supplies credentials. // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`. proxy: { host: '127.0.0.1', port: 9000, auth: : { username: 'mikeymike', password: 'rapunz3l' } }, // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request // (see Cancellation section below for details) cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) { }) }
分析Config
配置参数很多，我们一个一个来了解它们
url —— 用来向服务器发送请求的url
method —— 请求方法，默认是GET方法
baseURL —— 基础URL路径，假如url不是绝对路径，如https://some-domain.com/api/v1/login?name=jack,那么向服务器发送请求的URL将会是baseURL + url。