Git rm -cached file 将文件从暂存区转成未暂存，从版本库中删除，但不能删除工作目录的该文件，即文件恢复不追踪状态。 都是算是改动，commit才算是真改动。
###创建一个新的文件
[root@localhost ~]# echo "python" > python.htm
[root@localhost ~]# git add python.htm
[root@localhost ~]# git commit -m "add python"
[master 50e12c9] add python
Committer: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email you@example.com
If the identity used for this commit is wrong, you can fix it with:
git commit --amend --author=\'Your Name <you@example.com>\'
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 python.htm
[root@localhost ~]# git log
commit 50e12c9e4dd5928dbaf14b647bccd954293ff5e6
Author: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Date: Tue May 22 09:21:17 2018 +0800
add python
commit 1ed76cf5c048bfeef64916ffa4d66abdc81fd55f
Author: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Date: Tue May 22 08:58:00 2018 +0800
No3 commit
commit ab76fd902da7168e69b2ca1152373c9c571e7045
Author: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Date: Mon May 21 20:11:18 2018 +0800
2 No2 commit
commit 584479710780dc2069751636c1d27f2233abfc4b
Author: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Date: Mon May 21 20:05:51 2018 +0800
1 No1 commit
###2mv
[root@localhost ~]# git mv python.htm python.py
[root@localhost ~]# git commit -m "my python"
[master 30cd6ee] my python
Committer: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email you@example.com
If the identity used for this commit is wrong, you can fix it with:
git commit --amend --author=\'Your Name <you@example.com>\'
1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
rename python.htm => python.py (100%)
###3rm
rename python.htm => python.py (100%)
[root@localhost ~]# echo "print("hello python")" > python.py
[root@localhost ~]# git add python.py
[root@localhost ~]# git diff -cached
error: invalid option: -cached
[root@localhost ~]# git diff --cached
diff --git a/python.py b/python.py
index fdc793e..a280d44 100644
--- a/python.py
+++ b/python.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-python
+print(hello python)
[root@localhost ~]# git rm --cached python.py
rm \'python.py\'
[root@localhost ~]# git diff --cached
diff --git a/python.py b/python.py
deleted file mode 100644
index fdc793e..0000000
--- a/python.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-python
[root@localhost ~]# git commit -m "delete python"
[master 501fec3] delete python
Committer: root <root@localhost.localdomain>
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email you@example.com
If the identity used for this commit is wrong, you can fix it with:
git commit --amend --author=\'Your Name <you@example.com>\'
1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 python.py
[root@localhost ~]# ls
about.htm
anaconda-ks.cfg
Desktop
Documents
Downloads
git-2.16.3-intel-universal-mavericks.dmg
gogs.script
index.htm
install.log
install.log.syslog
Music
Percona-Server-5.5.45-37.4-r042e02b-el6-x86_64-bundle.tar
Percona-Server-55-debuginfo-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-client-55-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-devel-55-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-server-55-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-shared-55-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
Percona-Server-test-55-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
Pictures
Public
python.py
Templates
Videos
[root@localhost ~]# git status
# On branch master
# Untracked files:
# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
# .ICEauthority
# .Xauthority
# .abrt/
# .bash_history
# .bash_logout
# .bash_profile
# .bashrc
# .cache/
# .config/
# .cshrc
# .dbus/
# .esd_auth
# .gconf/
# .gnome2/
# .gnote/
# .gnupg/
# .gtk-bookmarks
# .imsettings.log
# .local/
# .mysql_history
# .pulse-cookie
# .pulse/
# .tcshrc
# .viminfo
# Percona-Server-5.5.45-37.4-r042e02b-el6-x86_64-bundle.tar
# Percona-Server-55-debuginfo-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
# Percona-Server-client-55-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
# Percona-Server-devel-55-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
# Percona-Server-server-55-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
# Percona-Server-shared-55-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
# Percona-Server-test-55-5.5.45-rel37.4.el6.x86_64.rpm
# anaconda-ks.cfg
# git-2.16.3-intel-universal-mavericks.dmg
# gogs.script
# install.log
# install.log.syslog
# python.py
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
[root@localhost ~]#
12）push到服务器本地搭建私服，模仿GitHub
配置本地用户名和邮箱：
[root@localhost ~]# git config --global user.name "myself"
[root@localhost ~]# git config --global user.email "myself@qq.com"
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# cat ~/.gitconfig
[user]
name = myself
email = myself@qq.com
关联远程版本库：
[root@localhost ~]# git remote add origin :3000/myself/test.git
[root@localhost ~]# cat ~/.gitconfig
[user]
name = myself
email = myself@qq.com
[root@localhost ~]# cat .git/config
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
url = :3000/myself/test.git
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
远程版本库名origin，这是一个习惯用法，将建立origin和后面的URL映射，这些信息都保存在.git/config 文件中的[remote "origin"]中。
推送数据：
[root@localhost ~]# git push -u origin master
error: The requested URL returned error: 401 Unauthorized while accessing :3000/myself/test.git/info/refs
fatal: HTTP request failed
通讯失败解决办法：vi .git/config
里面url里面加入一个用户名。
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
url = @192.168.142.128:3000/myself/test.git
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
[branch "master"]
remote = origin
merge = refs/heads/master
[root@localhost ~]# git push -u origin master
Xlib: extension "RANDR" missing on display "localhost:10.0".
error: The requested URL returned error: 401 while accessing @192.168.142.128:3000/myself/test.git/info/refs
fatal: HTTP request failed
[root@localhost ~]# git push -u origin master
Xlib: extension "RANDR" missing on display "localhost:10.0".
Counting objects: 16, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (10/10), done.
Writing objects: 100% (16/16), 1.21 KiB, done.
Total 16 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
To @192.168.142.128:3000/myself/test.git
* [new branch] master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
输入密码就能连接到远程仓库了。私有的仓库必须登录，只能用户自己看。
-u 第一次推送的时候加上，以后就不需要-u参数，可以使用git origin master或者git push就可以了。