day25 mysql数据库入门 (3)

int[(m)][unsigned][zerofill]

int 表示有符号,取值范围:-2147483648 ~ 2147483647 int unsigned 表示无符号,取值范围:0 ~ 4294967295 int(5)zerofill 仅用于显示,当不满足5位时,按照左边补0,例如:00002;满足时,正常显示。 mysql> create table L1(id int, uid int unsigned, zid int(5) zerofill) default charset=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> insert into L1(id,uid,zid) values(1,2,3); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into L1(id,uid,zid) values(2147483641,4294967294,300000); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from L1; +------------+------------+--------+ | id | uid | zid | +------------+------------+--------+ | 1 | 2 | 00003 | | 2147483641 | 4294967294 | 300000 | +------------+------------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into L1(id,uid,zid) values(214748364100,4294967294,300000); ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column \'id\' at row 1 mysql>

tinyint[(m)] [unsigned] [zerofill]

有符号,取值范围:-128 ~ 127. 无符号,取值范围:0 ~ 255

bigint[(m)][unsigned][zerofill]

有符号,取值范围:-9223372036854775808 ~ 9223372036854775807 无符号,取值范围:0 ~ 18446744073709551615

decimal[(m[,d])] [unsigned] [zerofill]

准确的小数值,m是数字总个数(负号不算),d是小数点后个数。 m最大值为65,d最大值为30。 例如: create table L2( id int not null primary key auto_increment, salary decimal(8,2) )default charset=utf8; mysql> create table L2(id int not null primary key auto_increment,salary decimal(8,2))default charset=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> insert into L2(salary) values(1.28); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into L2(salary) values(5.289); Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into L2(salary) values(5.282); Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into L2(salary) values(512132.28); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into L2(salary) values(512132.283); Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from L2; +----+-----------+ | id | salary | +----+-----------+ | 1 | 1.28 | | 2 | 5.29 | | 3 | 5.28 | | 4 | 512132.28 | | 5 | 512132.28 | +----+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into L2(salary) values(5121321.283); ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column \'salary\' at row 1 mysql>

FLOAT[(M,D)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

单精度浮点数,非准确小数值,m是数字总个数,d是小数点后个数。

DOUBLE[(M,D)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

双精度浮点数(非准确小数值),m是数字总个数,d是小数点后个数。

char(m)

定长字符串,m代表字符串的长度,最多可容纳255个字符。 定长的体现:即使内容长度小于m,也会占用m长度。例如:char(5),数据是:yes,底层也会占用5个字符;如果超出m长度限制(默认MySQL是严格模式,所以会报错)。 如果在配置文件中加入如下配置, sql-mode="NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" 保存并重启,此时MySQL则是非严格模式,此时超过长度则自动截断(不报错)。。 注意:默认底层存储是固定的长度(不够则用空格补齐),但是查询数据时,会自动将空白去除。 如果想要保留空白,在sql-mode中加入 PAD_CHAR_TO_FULL_LENGTH 即可。 查看模式sql-mode,执行命令:show variables like \'sql_mode\'; 一般适用于:固定长度的内容。 create table L3( id int not null primary key auto_increment, name varchar(5), depart char(3) )default charset=utf8; insert into L3(name,depart) values("alexsb","sbalex");

varchar(m)

变长字符串,m代表字符串的长度,最多可容纳65535个字节。 变长的体现:内容小于m时,会按照真实数据长度存储;如果超出m长度限制((默认MySQL是严格模式,所以会报错)。 如果在配置文件中加入如下配置, sql-mode="NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" 保存并重启,此时MySQL则是非严格模式,此时超过长度则自动截断(不报错)。 例如: create table L3( id int not null primary key auto_increment, name varchar(5), depart char(3) )default charset=utf8; mysql> create table L3(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(5),depart char(3))default charset=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) -- 插入多行 mysql> insert into L3(name,depart) values("wu","WU"),("wupei","ALS"); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from L3; +----+-------+--------+ | id | name | depart | +----+-------+--------+ | 1 | wu | WU | | 2 | wupei | ALS | +----+-------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) -- 非严格模式下,不会报错。 mysql> insert into L3(name,depart) values("wupeiqi","ALS"); ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column \'name\' at row 1 mysql> insert into L3(name,depart) values("wupei","ALSB"); ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column \'depart\' at row 1 mysql> -- 如果 sql-mode 中加入了 PAD_CHAR_TO_FULL_LENGTH ,则查询时char时空白会保留。 mysql> select name,length(name),depart,length(depart) from L3; +-------+--------------+--------+----------------+ | name | length(name) | depart | length(depart) | +-------+--------------+--------+----------------+ | wu | 2 | WU | 3 | | wupei | 5 | ALS | 3 | +-------+--------------+--------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>

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