import shutil
import os
import os.path
src = " d:\\download\\test\\myfile1.txt "
dst = " d:\\download\\test\\myfile2.txt "
dst2 = " d:/download/test/测试文件夹.txt "
dir1 = os.path.dirname(src)
print ( " dir1 %s " % dir1)
if (os.path.exists(src) == False):
os.makedirs(dir1)
f1 = open(src, " w " )
f1.write( " line a\n " )
f1.write( " line b\n " )
f1.close()
shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
shutil.copyfile(src, dst2)
f2 = open(dst, " r " )
for line in f2:
print (line)
f2.close()
# 测试复制文件夹树
try :
srcDir = " d:/download/test "
dstDir = " d:/download/test2 "
# 如果dstDir已经存在,那么shutil.copytree方法会报错!
# 这也意味着你不能直接用d:作为目标路径.
shutil.copytree(srcDir, dstDir)
except Exception as err:
print (err)
\'\'\'
知识点:
* shutil.copyfile:如何复制文件
* os.path.exists:如何判断文件夹是否存在
* shutil.copytree:如何复制目录树
\'\'\'
总结:4个函数
os.path.dirname(path)
os.path.exists(path)
shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
shutil.copytree(srcDir, dstDir)
4 实战:文件备份小程序
import os
import shutil
import datetime
\'\'\'
作用:将目录备份到其他路径。
实际效果:
假设给定目录"/media/data/programmer/project/python" ,
备份路径"/home/diegoyun/backup/“ ,
则会将python目录备份到备份路径下,形如:
/home/diegoyun/backup/yyyymmddHHMMSS/python/xxx/yyy/zzz..
用法:更改这两个参数.
backdir:备份目的地.
copydirs:想要备份的文件夹.
\'\'\'
def mainLogic():
# add dirs you want to copy
backdir = " d:\\test "
print (backdir)
copydirs = []
copydirs.append( " d:\\temp " );
# copydirs.append("d:\\test");
print ( " Copying files =================== " )
start = datetime.datetime.now()
# gen a data folder for backup
backdir = os.path.join(backdir,start.strftime( " %Y-%m-%d " ))
# print("backdir is:"+backdir)
kc = 0
for d in copydirs:
kc = kc + copyFiles(d,backdir)
end = datetime.datetime.now()
print ( " Finished! =================== " )
print ( " Total files : " + str(kc) )
print ( " Elapsed time : " + str((end - start).seconds) + " seconds " )
def copyFiles(copydir,backdir):
prefix = getPathPrefix(copydir)
# print("prefix is:"+prefix )
i = 0
for dirpath,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(copydir):
for name in filenames:
oldpath = os.path.join(dirpath,name)
newpath = omitPrefix(dirpath,prefix)
print ( " backdir is: " + backdir )
newpath = os.path.join(backdir,newpath)
print ( " newpath is: " + newpath)
if os.path.exists(newpath) != True:
os.makedirs(newpath)
newpath = os.path.join(newpath,name)
print ( " From: " + oldpath + " to: " + newpath)
shutil.copyfile(oldpath,newpath)
i = i + 1
return i
def getPathPrefix(fullpath):
# Giving /media/data/programmer/project/ , get the prefix
# /media/data/programmer/
l = fullpath.split(os.path.sep)
# print(str(l[-1]=="")
if l[ - 1 ] == "" :
tmp = l[ - 2 ]
else :
tmp = l[ - 1 ]
return fullpath[0:len(fullpath) - len(tmp) - 1 ]
def omitPrefix(fullpath,prefix):
# Giving /media/data/programmer/project/python/tutotial/file/test.py ,
# and prefix is Giving /media/data/programmer/project/,
# return path as python/tutotial/file/test.py
return fullpath[len(prefix) + 1 :]
mainLogic()
5 资源:方法详解